16 / MARCH / 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES
REVISION
Now watch this video for better understanding:
We cannot live alone in this world. We need the help of many people to fulfil our day-to-day needs, and to make our life comfortable. Some of them are doctors, policemen, teachers, postmen, lawyers, carpenters, etc.
The Doctor
When we fall ill, we go to a doctor. The doctor examines us and gives us medicines. He helps us to stay healthy. When we get hurt, the doctor applies medicines on the wound and covers it with a bandage. The doctor gives us injections and vaccinations to protect us from diseases like cholera, polio, typhoid and other diseases.
The doctor also tells us why we fall ill and what type of medicines or injections will cure us. He also tells us what we must eat when we are sick. In cities, there are big hospitals. They have many doctors and nurses to look after the patients.
Big villages and towns have dispensaries to look after the sick people. A group of villages have a Primary Health Centre.
In small villages, where there are no dispensaries, the health department arranges for mobile dispensaries.
The doctors and other medical staff go to such places in a van which has medicines, and other facilities for treating the sick.
The doctor helps us to remain healthy. We must follow the advice of the doctor and be always fit and fine.
There are doctors who treat sick animals. They are called Veterinary doctors.
The Policeman
The policeman protects our life and property. He looks after the law and order in his own area and arrests the thieves and criminals. He maintains peace in the area under his charge. The policeman also helps us in tracing the people, who are lost or dead under mysterious conditions.
Whenever there is any law and order problem, we can inform the policeman on duty and seek his help.
In big cities, the policemen control the traffic on the roads. It is also the duty of the traffic policeman to see that the traffic moves smoothly. He also sees that there are no traffic jams or accidents.
We must follow the traffic rules and co-operate with the policemen. The policemen always work for our safety and security.
The Teacher
We go to school to study. At school, the teachers look after us. They teach us many subjects.
They also teach us how to draw and paint, sing and dance, play games, and take part in many other activities. Our teachers teach us good habits and manners. They
teach us to be punctual. They work hard to make us good citizens.
The Postman
The postman is very helpful to us. He brings us letters, parcels and eMO/iMO from our friends and relatives.
The postman works in a post office. He also collects letters from letter boxes, and takes them to the post office.
After the letters are stamped and sorted out, they are sent to their destinations.
The postman does his work honestly and regularly even during rain, severe winter or extremely hot weather.
In villages, the postman has to go from one village to another to deliver the letters on a bicycle or on foot.
Assignment : Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB
Do Ex- A,C,D on page No. 95 and 96.
Answers:
A. Tick the right answer:- page No.95.
1. a) postman
2. a) policeman
3. c) medicines
4. c) veterinary
Answers:
C. Fill in the blanks:- page No. 95,96.
1. injection
2. protects
3. traffic
4. teach
5. postman
D. Match the following:-
1- ii
2 - iii
3 - iv
4 - i
12 / MARCH / 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES
REVISION
Now watch this video for better understanding:
Let us look at some other major cities of our multifaceted country.
Chandigarh
Chandigarh is the capital of two states, Punjab and Haryana. It is the first ever planned city in India. Chandigarh was planned by the French architect Le Corbusier. It was declared a Union Territory in 1966.
The city is comprised of people from various religions like Hindus, Sikhs, Christians and Muslims. Major festivals celebrated here by the locals are Baisakhi,
Guruparab, Lohri.
Rock Garden is very famous as it has been made by using industrial and urban waste. Sukhna Lake and Rose Garden are other major tourist attractions.
Jaipur
Jaipur is the capital city of Rajasthan. It was built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. Some of the important places of tourist attractions are Hawa Mahal, City Palace, Jantar Mantar and Albert Hall. It is known as the "Pink City" because of the pink sandstone used for the construction of all the structures.
Jaipur has major craft industries like block printing; sculpture; miniature paintings; ivory carving and shellac work. Major festivals celebrated are Gangaur, Teej,
Kite and Elephant festival.
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh. The city is on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River. Hindi and Urdu are the main languages of Lucknow. The major industrial items are marble products, handicrafts, art pieces, jewellery, textiles, and electronics.
Holi, Diwali, Dussehra, Eid, and Muharram are major festivals celebrated in Lucknow. Clock Tower, Rumi Darwaza, Imambaras and the Shaheed Smarak are its main tourist attractions.
Patna
Patna is the capital city of Bihar. Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. It is a major agricultural centre of trade and its most active exports are grain, sugar cane, sesame, and Patna rice. Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb, Hanuman Mandir, Patna Museum, Golghar and Qila House are some of the major tourist attractions of this city. Chhath, Dussehra, Diwali, Holi and Eid are major festivals celebrated here.
Guwahati
Guwahati is the biggest city of Assam. The city is between the banks of the Brahmaputra river and the foothills of the Shillong plateau. Assam State Museum,
Guwahati Planetarium and Bhubaneswari Temple are some of the major tourist attractions. Bihu and Brahmaputra beach festival are major festivals celebrated here. Guwahati is famous for bamboo items, traditional handloom, and mekhla chadars.
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad is the largest city of Gujarat. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati. Textiles is one of the major industries of the city along with automobile and gemstone industries. Navratri, Diwali, Holi, Ganesh Chaturthi and Eid are major festivals of this city. Garba is the most popular folk dance of Gujarat. Akshardham Temple, Sardar Patel National Memorial, Sabarmati Ashram and Bhadra Fort are major tourist attractions.
Bhopal
Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. The city is located on the banks of two lakes – Lower lake and Upper lake. Bhopal is known as the "City of Lakes" for its various natural as well as artificial lakes.
Taj-ul-Masjid, Moti Masjid, Birla Mandir, Van Vihar and Sanchi Stupa are major tourist destinations. Diwali, Ijtima, Ram Navami and Dhrupad Samaroh are major festivals celebrated here.
Hyderabad
Hyderabad, also known as "City of Pearls", is the capital city of both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The major industries of city include pearls, glass manufacturing, textiles, railway coaches and handicrafts.
Mecca Masjid, Nehru Zoological Park and Chowmahalla Palace are some of its major tourist attractions.
Diwali, Ganesha Chaturthi, Muharram, and Eid are the main festivals celebrated here.
Bengaluru
Bengaluru is the capital of Karnataka. Bengaluru is known as the "Garden City of India" because of its gentle climate, broad streets, greenery and the presence of many public parks, such as Lal Bagh and Cubbon Park. It is also called as the Silicon Valley of India because of the large number of information technology
companies located in the city. Bangalore Karaga is one of the most important and oldest festivals of Bengaluru.
Other popular festivals in Bengaluru are Ugadi, Eid, Idul-Fitr, Dussehra, Diwali and Christmas.
Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram is the capital of Kerala. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. It lies on the shores of Karamana and Killi rivers.
There are many tourist destinations in the city including Kovalam Beach, Shanghumukham Beach, Napier Museum, Agasthyarkoodam Peak, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Neyyar Dam and many others. People speak Malayalam and English. Onam is the major festival.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.
Do Ex- A,C,D on page No. 134, 135.
Answers:-
A. Tick the right answer:-
1. a) Le- Corbusier, 2. a) Jaipur, 3. b) Lucknow, 4. c) Guwahati, 5. b) Sukhna.
Answers:-
C. Fill in the blanks:-
1. Hindi and Urdu
2. Kerala
3. Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II
4. Bhopal
D. Match the following:-
1. Thiruvananthapuram - Onam
2. Jaipur - pink city
3. Bengaluru - Sillicon Valley
4. Hyderabad - City of pearls
5. Chandigarh - Rock garden
6. Bhopal - City of lakes.
09 / MARCH / 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES
REVISION
Now watch this video for better understanding:
Chennai (earlier known as Madras) is the fourth largest city of India. It is situated on the south-eastern coast of India. It lies along the Bay of Bengal. Majority of the people in the city speak Tamil.
Chennai is the capital of Tamil Nadu. All important offices of the government of Tamil Nadu are located here. The Governor, the Chief Minister and other state ministers of Tamil Nadu have their residence in Chennai.
Chennai is an important seaport. Ships bring in goods from other countries, and carry goods made in our country to other countries from this seaport.
Industries
There are many important industries which produce cars, motorcycles, paints, leather goods, petroleum, railway coaches, etc. Perambur near Chennai is famous for its factory, making railway coaches. Tanks are manufactured near Avadi in Chennai. Chennai has a very well-known film industry. It produces Hindi and Tamil films.
Festivals
People of Chennai celebrate a number of festivals. Pongal is the most important festival of Chennai. It is a harvest festival, celebrated in the month of January.
Tourist Attractions
Chennai has a beautiful beach, called the Marina Beach. It is the longest beach in India. The V.G.P. Golden Beach is liked by children because of its swings and a toy train. Chennai is an important tourist centre. It has many places worthseeing such as Fort St. George, St. Thomas Cathedral, the Government Museum, Kapaleshwar and Parthasarthi temples, Snake Park, and the Gandhi Mandapam. These temples are well-known for their stone carvings.
Dance
The people here are very fond of music and dance, especially classical dances.
The most popular dance of Tamil Nadu is Bharatnatyam. Almost every house has one girl or woman learning this dance form.
Chennai is an important seaport. Ships bring in goods from other countries, and carry goods made in our country to other countries from this seaport.
Industries
There are many important industries which produce cars, motorcycles, paints, leather goods, petroleum, railway coaches, etc. Perambur near Chennai is famous for its factory, making railway coaches. Tanks are manufactured near Avadi in Chennai. Chennai has a very well-known film industry. It produces Hindi and Tamil films.
Festivals
People of Chennai celebrate a number of festivals. Pongal is the most important festival of Chennai. It is a harvest festival, celebrated in the month of January.
Climate
The climate of Chennai is neither very hot nor very cold. In summer, it is very humid. People wear cotton clothes throughout the year. The city gets more rain in winter than in summer.Tourist Attractions
Chennai has a beautiful beach, called the Marina Beach. It is the longest beach in India. The V.G.P. Golden Beach is liked by children because of its swings and a toy train. Chennai is an important tourist centre. It has many places worthseeing such as Fort St. George, St. Thomas Cathedral, the Government Museum, Kapaleshwar and Parthasarthi temples, Snake Park, and the Gandhi Mandapam. These temples are well-known for their stone carvings.
Food
The main food of the people of Chennai is rice, sambar and curd. Their dishes like dosa, idli, upma, vada, and rasam are also quite popular in other parts of the country.Dance
The people here are very fond of music and dance, especially classical dances.
The most popular dance of Tamil Nadu is Bharatnatyam. Almost every house has one girl or woman learning this dance form.
Assignment : Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB
Do Ex- A, C, D, E, F on page No. 128, 129.
Answers:-
A. Tick the right answer :-
1. c) south- eastern
2. a) Chennai
3. c) pongal
4. a) Bharatnatyam
Answers:-
C. Fill in the blanks:-
1. Tamil Nadu, 2. Tamil, 3. Bharatnatyam, 4. Marina beach
D. Name the following:
1. Pongal
2. Bharatnatyam
3. Rice, sambar and curd.
4. i) Marina beach
ii) V.G.P Golden beach
E. Tick √ or X.
1. X, 2. X, 3. √ ,4. X, 5. X
F. Write where the following temples are located:-
1. Delhi, 2. Chennai, 3. Delhi, 4. Chennai.
05 / MARCH / 2021
It lies on the east coast of India.
Government
It is the capital of Bengal. All important offices of the state government are located here. The language spoken in this metropolitan city is Bengali.
The city is about 150 km from the sea, yet it is an important seaport because the river Hugli is very deep and big ships can safely sail through it.
Tourist Attractions
The Howrah Bridge, on the river Hugli, is one of the main attractions of Kolkata. It is a cantilever bridge. It does not have any pillars.
The new name of this bridge is Rabindra Setu. The bridge could be opened and lifted to allow the ships to pass. But now, it has been closed. A new bridge on the river Hugli, called Vidyasagar Setu, connects Howrah and Kolkata.
Industries
Kolkata is an important centre of industry. The main industries here are: cotton, silk, jute, rice mills, chemicals, fertilizers, paper and glassworks.
Climate
The climate of Kolkata is mild and humid. It is neither very hot nor very cold. It rains heavily here during the monsoon or rainy season.
Festivals
The most important festival of Bengal is the Durga Puja. It is celebrated with great pomp and show for about ten days.
Transport
Kolkata has India's first underground railway system, called the Metro. The Tram is another means of transport here. A tram runs on rails through the city.
The airport in Kolkata is named after the great leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
Food
The people of Kolkata love to eat rice and fish. They also love sweets like rasogulla and sandesh. The Bengalis are fond of painting, singing and dancing. Their most popular game is football.
Tourist Attractions
The places worth visiting in Kolkata are: The Victoria Memorial made of white marble is a famous monument known for its paintings and statues. The Birla Planetarium, the Ravindra Sarovar, the National Library, the Belur Math and the temples in Kalighat and Dakshineshwar are other attractions. One can also visit the Science City. The Botanical Garden is famous for its ancient banyan tree. The Eden Gardens is a famous cricket ground in Kolkata. Salt Lake Stadium is another famous stadium of Kolkata.
Kolkata also has a major port called the Diamond Harbour.
Shantiniketan, founded by the famous Bengali poet, Rabindranath Tagore, is at some distance away from Kolkata.
Answers:
SOCIAL STUDIES
Now watch this video for better understanding:
Kolkata, earlier called Calcutta, is one of the important metropolitan cities of India. It was established by the British in 1668 and was the capital of British India till 1911. It is situated on the bank of the river Hugli in Bengal.
It lies on the east coast of India.
It is the capital of Bengal. All important offices of the state government are located here. The language spoken in this metropolitan city is Bengali.
The city is about 150 km from the sea, yet it is an important seaport because the river Hugli is very deep and big ships can safely sail through it.
Tourist Attractions
The Howrah Bridge, on the river Hugli, is one of the main attractions of Kolkata. It is a cantilever bridge. It does not have any pillars.
Industries
Kolkata is an important centre of industry. The main industries here are: cotton, silk, jute, rice mills, chemicals, fertilizers, paper and glassworks.
Climate
The climate of Kolkata is mild and humid. It is neither very hot nor very cold. It rains heavily here during the monsoon or rainy season.
Festivals
The most important festival of Bengal is the Durga Puja. It is celebrated with great pomp and show for about ten days.
Kolkata has India's first underground railway system, called the Metro. The Tram is another means of transport here. A tram runs on rails through the city.
The airport in Kolkata is named after the great leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
The people of Kolkata love to eat rice and fish. They also love sweets like rasogulla and sandesh. The Bengalis are fond of painting, singing and dancing. Their most popular game is football.
Tourist Attractions
The places worth visiting in Kolkata are: The Victoria Memorial made of white marble is a famous monument known for its paintings and statues. The Birla Planetarium, the Ravindra Sarovar, the National Library, the Belur Math and the temples in Kalighat and Dakshineshwar are other attractions. One can also visit the Science City. The Botanical Garden is famous for its ancient banyan tree. The Eden Gardens is a famous cricket ground in Kolkata. Salt Lake Stadium is another famous stadium of Kolkata.
Kolkata also has a major port called the Diamond Harbour.
Shantiniketan, founded by the famous Bengali poet, Rabindranath Tagore, is at some distance away from Kolkata.
Assignment : Complete Ex- A,C,D ,E on page No. 121 and 122 in Social Studies-OCB.
Answers:
A. Tick the right answer:
1. a) Hugli, 2.a) Rabindra Setu, 3. c) Durga Puja, 4. b) Metro.
C.Fill in the blanks:
1.Hugli, 2. West Bengal, 3.Bengali, 4. fish, 5.east.
D. Match the following:
1. Shantiniketan - Rabindranath Tagore
2. Victoria Memorial - place of interest
3. Rice and fish - main food
4. Tram - means of transport
5. Dakshineshwar - famous temple.
Answers:
E. Solve the puzzle:
METRO
HOWRAH
JUTE
FOOTBALL
DURGA PUJA
02 / MARCH / 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES
Now watch this video for better understanding:
Mumbai or Bombay of the older days, is an important metropolitan city of India. It is situated on the west coast of India along the Arabian Sea. People from different parts of our country live here. A large number of people in Mumbai speak Marathi.
Government
Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra. The Governor, the Chief Minister and other State Ministers have their offices in Mumbai. The other offices of the State Government are also located in Mumbai.
Mumbai is the biggest seaport of India. Goods are shipped to other countries from Mumbai. Goods from other countries are also brought here by ships.
Climate
The climate of Mumbai is neither too hot nor too cold. It is warm and humid in summer. There is a heavy rainfall during June, July and August.
Industries
Mumbai is a ‘City of Industries’. It has a large number of cotton textile mills. It also has factories producing chemicals, medicines, edible oils, fertilizers and electronic goods. These factories provide jobs to a large number of people from all parts of India.
In Bombay High, crude oil has been found in the seabed. Bombay High is one of the most important petroleum fields in India. India’s first atomic power plant, known as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, is situated at Trombay near Mumbai. It carries out research related to peaceful uses of atomic energy.
Mumbai is the centre of film industry too. Most of the Hindi and the Marathi films and television serials are produced in Mumbai. So it is also called Bollywood. Most of the Hindi film actors also live here.
Festivals
Though all the important Indian festivals are celebrated here, Ganesh Chaturthi is the most important festival for the people of Mumbai. It is celebrated with great devotion and rejoicing for ten days.
Favorite Food
The people here are fond of eating shrikhand, bhelpuri, vada-pav and pav bhaji.
Tourist Attractions
The most famous landmark in Mumbai is the Gateway of India. Other interesting places are: the amusement park, called the Essel World, the Taraporevala Aquarium, the Kamla Nehru Park, the Hanging Garden, the Jahangir Art Gallery, etc. Other beautiful places along the sea are: the Marine Drive, the Chaupati, the Nariman Point and the Juhu Beach.
The arc of shining lights along the Marine Drive is called the Queen’s Necklace. The Elephanta Caves are on an island which is just 10 km away from Mumbai. It has four rock-cut temples.
Transport
The first train in India ran from Mumbai to Thane in 1853. Today, Mumbai has one of the best public transport systems in India. People travel by local trains and busses. Recently monorail has also been started in Mumbai.
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai is one of the busiest railway stations in India. This is known as CST or Bombay V.T.
Assignment : Complete Ex- A,C,D ,E,Fon page No.115 to 117 in Social Studies-OCB.
Answers:
A. Tick the right answer:
1.b) Bollywood, 2. a) Mumbai, 3. b) west, 4. a) Ganesh Chaturthi, 5. a) Atomic Energy.
C. Fill in the blanks:
1. Maharashtra
2. Mumbai High
3. Trombay
4. bhelpuri
5. Gateway of India
6. Marine Drive
D. Match the following:
1. Essel world - c) amusement park
2. Juhu - a) beach
3. Ganesh Chaturthi - b) festival
4. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre - e) Atomic Energy
5. Elephanta Caves - d) tourist spot
E. Tick √ or X.
1. √, 2. X, 3.X, 4. X
F. Solve the crossword puzzle:
JUHU
BHELPURI
COTTON
ELEPHANTA
ESSEL WORLD
26 / FEBRUARY / 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 15 DELHI
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Delhi is the most important metropolitan city. It is the Capital of India. It is the third largest city in India. It is one of the fastest growing cities in India. River Yamuna flows through the eastern side of the city.
Delhi shares its boundaries with the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. It is now called the National Capital Region of Delhi (NCR).
Government
All the main offices of the Central Government of India including the Central Secretariat, are located in New Delhi. The offices of the National Capital Territory of Delhi are also located here. Our President, Prime Minister and all the Central Ministers, Members of Parliament (MPs) live in New Delhi. The Embassies of other countries are also located in New Delhi. It is the capital city of India.
History
Delhi has been the capital of many kingdoms in the past. The city was first built by the Pandava kings and was called Indraprastha. Emperor Shah Jahan rebuilt it, and named it as Shah Jahanabad.
When the Britishers ruled over India, they shifted their capital from Calcutta (Kolkata) to Delhi. New Delhi, actually was planned and designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens during the British rule in India.
The President of India lives in the Rashtrapati Bhavan. It has the beautiful Mughal Gardens which are open to public during the spring time.
The Parliament House is also situated nearby. It is a beautiful, round building.
Historic Monuments
The India Gate is another important landmark of Delhi. It was built in the memory of the Indian soldiers who lost their lives in the World War. The Amar Jawan Jyoti keeps burning day and night at the India Gate in the memory of those soldiers, who sacrificed their lives for the country.
New Delhi is a well-planned city. It has broad roads and beautiful places of historical interest. The Red Fort is made up of red sandstone. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.
On the Independence Day, the Prime Minister of India hoists the National Flag at the Red Fort, every year.
The Qutub Minar is a very tall monument started by Qutub-ud-din Aibak and later built by Iltutmish. Near the Qutub Minar is an old iron pillar which has not rusted till today.
Among other buildings, there are the Humayun Tomb and the Old Fort. Jantar Mantar is an observatory.
Other Places to Visit
The Raj Ghat is the samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi–The Father of the Nation. Shanti Van, Shakti Sthal, Vijay Ghat, etc. are the other samadhis of our National Leaders.
Delhi has beautiful gardens like the Buddha Jayanti Park and the Lodhi Gardens. The Nehru Planetarium, the Zoo, the Rail Museum, the Dolls Museum and the Appu Ghar are of great attraction to the children.
Religious Places
There are famous places of worship of all religions in Delhi. The Jama Masjid, the Birla Mandir, the St. James Church and the Gurudwara Sisganj are some famous places of worship. The Lotus Temple, built a few years ago in white marble, is a Bahai temple built in the shape of a Lotus. The beautiful Akshardham temple, built a few years ago, has become the greatest tourist attraction of Delhi.
Climate
The climate of Delhi is very hot in summer and very cold in winter. Hot and dry winds, called loo, blow in the months of May and June. It rains here during the months of July, August and September. Winter is very cold.
Industries
Delhi is a big trade centre. It has many industries, offices and business units.
Banking, Information technology, pharmaceutical manufacturing, leather processing are some of the industries found here.
People from all the states of India live here, and practise their own culture, language and festivals. That is why Delhi is called ‘Mini India’.
Transport
Delhi is famous for its Metro rail system. Being a very fast means of transport, metro has made travelling fast, easy and comfortable for the people of Delhi. It is soon going to connect the whole of NCR.
Assignment : Complete Ex- A,C,D on page No. 108,109 in Social Studies- OCB.
Answers:
A. Tick the right answer:
1. b) Yamuna, 2. b) loo, 3. b) Rajghat, 4. a) Shahjahan
C. Fill in the blanks:
1. Yamuna,2. Qutub Minar, 3. Rashtrapati Bhavan, 4. loo, 5. Raj Ghat.
12 / FEBRUARY / 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 13 THE PEOPLE WHO HELP US
Now watch this video for better understanding:
We cannot live alone in this world. We need the help of many people to fulfil our day-to-day needs, and to make our life comfortable. Some of them are doctors, policemen, teachers, postmen, lawyers, carpenters, etc.
The Doctor
When we fall ill, we go to a doctor. The doctor examines us and gives us medicines. He helps us to stay healthy. When we get hurt, the doctor applies medicines on the wound and covers it with a bandage. The doctor gives us injections and vaccinations to protect us from diseases like cholera, polio, typhoid and other diseases.
The doctor also tells us why we fall ill and what type of medicines or injections will cure us. He also tells us what we must eat when we are sick. In cities, there are big hospitals. They have many doctors and nurses to look after the patients.
Big villages and towns have dispensaries to look after the sick people. A group of villages have a Primary Health Centre.
In small villages, where there are no dispensaries, the health department arranges for mobile dispensaries.
The doctors and other medical staff go to such places in a van which has medicines, and other facilities for treating the sick.
The doctor helps us to remain healthy. We must follow the advice of the doctor and be always fit and fine.
There are doctors who treat sick animals. They are called Veterinary doctors.
The Policeman
The policeman protects our life and property. He looks after the law and order in his own area and arrests the thieves and criminals. He maintains peace in the area under his charge. The policeman also helps us in tracing the people, who are lost or dead under mysterious conditions.
Whenever there is any law and order problem, we can inform the policeman on duty and seek his help.
In big cities, the policemen control the traffic on the roads. It is also the duty of the traffic policeman to see that the traffic moves smoothly. He also sees that there are no traffic jams or accidents.
We must follow the traffic rules and co-operate with the policemen. The policemen always work for our safety and security.
The Teacher
We go to school to study. At school, the teachers look after us. They teach us many subjects.
They also teach us how to draw and paint, sing and dance, play games, and take part in many other activities. Our teachers teach us good habits and manners. They
teach us to be punctual. They work hard to make us good citizens.
The Postman
The postman is very helpful to us. He brings us letters, parcels and eMO/iMO from our friends and relatives.
The postman works in a post office. He also collects letters from letter boxes, and takes them to the post office.
After the letters are stamped and sorted out, they are sent to their destinations.
The postman does his work honestly and regularly even during rain, severe winter or extremely hot weather.
In villages, the postman has to go from one village to another to deliver the letters on a bicycle or on foot.
Assignment : Complete Ex- A,B,C,D on page No. 95, 96 in Social Studies-OCB.
09 / FEBRUARY / 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 12 OUR MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
Now watch this video for better understanding:
We often have friends and relatives living in far off places. It is not always possible to visit them. We love to send or receive messages from them. It is called communication. Various means of communication help us to send written or spoken messages to people living at distant places.
The most common means of communication are letters. We send our letters through post. We can write letters on postcard, inland letter or in an envelope. We must write the complete address on every letter in a clear handwriting. The pin code of the city should also be written clearly in the space provided for the pin code.
It generally takes one or two days for a letter to reach its destination. It takes longer to reach a far off place. Urgent letters can also be sent through speedpost or by courier service.
TELEPHONE
We can talk to our friends and relatives within the city and in other cities or countries over a telephone. The telephone is the fastest means of communicating with someone. It is a two-way communication.
The telephone system links most of the towns and the villages in our country. Direct calls can be made on S.T.D. and I.S.D. to many cities and countries all over the world.
The STD stands for the Subscriber Trunk Dialling and ISD stands for International Subscriber Dialling.
Now a days , there are small phones which we can carry with us, wherever we go. These phones are called the mobile or the cellular phones. We can even send short written messages (SMS) or pictures on these phones.
In case, a message or news is to be communicated to a large number of people at the same time, we can take the help of a newspaper, radio or the television.
Newspapers carry messages throughout the country or in other parts of the world within twenty-four hours. Therefore, these are also called as means of mass communication.
They also carry news from different parts of the world. Television and radio are also means of mass communication.
Radio and television (T.V.) help to broadcast messages and information. They can reach a large number of people immediately. We can also listen to or watch news bulletins, entertainment programmes, films, cricket matches and educational programmes on the radio and television. Television is a very popular means of communication. Even those, who cannot read or write, can listen to the radio or watch the television. The television is considered the best means of communication and entertainment these days.
SATELLITE
In the recent times, satellites have made communication easier and quicker. While sitting in our homes, we can watch a cricket match being played in any part of the world.
Fax, E-mail and Internet are other modern means of communication which have revolutionised the world of communication altogether.
By using a fax machine, a letter can reach any part of the world in just a few minutes. With the help of an internet, we can get information as and when we want, on the computer. E-mails can be sent and received from one computer to another anywhere in the world in just a few seconds.
Assignment : Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.
Do Ex - A,C,D,I,J,K,L on page No.89, 90,91.
05 / FEBRUARY / 2021
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 11 OUR TRANSPORT
Now watch this video for better understanding:
Various types of vehicles like cars, buses, scooters, cycles, rickshaws, trains, aeroplanes, etc. help us to travel from one place to another. They also help us to carry the goods from one place to another. These are called the means of transport.
People who live in big cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, etc. have to travel long distances from one part of the city to another. For visiting a place in our own city, we use cycle, rickshaw, scooter, autorickshaw, etc.
Sometimes, we visit our friends and relatives in another city. We choose the type of transport mostly according to our need and the distance we have to travel. It may be one of the following means of transport:
The railway is the most important and popular means of transport. There are many long distance fast trains, such as the Shatabdi Express, the Rajdhani Express, the Pink City Express, the Taj Express, etc.
Some of our friends and relatives may be living in other countries. We can go there by aeroplanes. Travelling by air is more costly, but it is faster and more comfortable. Aeroplanes also carry fresh fruits, vegetables and other perishable items. Letters and parcels are also sent by aeroplanes to all corners of the world.
Our country has a good network of airways and airports. Helicopters are also used for military purposes, search and rescue operations during natural disasters like flood and drought.
We also need some means of transport to carry goods from one place to another. Food articles have to be carried from farms to godowns and markets. Industrial products are to be carried from the factories to the markets. For transporting these things, we use carts, trucks, goods trains, ships, etc. All the means of transport cannot be used everywhere. In villages, bullock carts and cycles are important means of transport. In cities, we use cycles, scooters, motorcycles, cars, buses, three-wheelers, etc.
In Kolkata and Delhi, we have an underground railway called the Metro.
Metro trains are the most important means of transport. At some places, it is above the ground, and at other places, it is underground.
These means of transport, that move on the land only, are called the land transport.
Ships, boats and steamers sail on water and are called the water transport. Aeroplanes and helicopters are the means of air transport.
In deserts, people use camels for transportation. In hilly areas, ponies and mules are used. In places, having thick forests, people use elephants to go from one place to another. Ropeways or trolleys are used in mountains. In areas covered with snow people use sledges.
Transportation facilities have brought different countries of the world closer.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.Do Ex A,B,D,E,G,H on page No.83 to 85.A. Tick the right answer:1. Aeroplane is a means ofa) land transport b) air transport c) Water transport.2. The vehicle that moves on track is calleda) bus b) truck c) train3. Ropeways are used ina) mountains b) plains c) desert.4. In deserts _____ are used as a means of transport.a) Camels b) horses c) donkeys
B. Complete the Sentences:1. My father goes to office by ________2. My mother goes to work by ________.3. I go to school by _______.4. For going to other cities ,we use _____.
D. Make a list of the means of the transport used for carrying goods.
The railway is the most important and popular means of transport. There are many long distance fast trains, such as the Shatabdi Express, the Rajdhani Express, the Pink City Express, the Taj Express, etc.
Some of our friends and relatives may be living in other countries. We can go there by aeroplanes. Travelling by air is more costly, but it is faster and more comfortable. Aeroplanes also carry fresh fruits, vegetables and other perishable items. Letters and parcels are also sent by aeroplanes to all corners of the world.
Our country has a good network of airways and airports. Helicopters are also used for military purposes, search and rescue operations during natural disasters like flood and drought.
We also need some means of transport to carry goods from one place to another. Food articles have to be carried from farms to godowns and markets. Industrial products are to be carried from the factories to the markets. For transporting these things, we use carts, trucks, goods trains, ships, etc. All the means of transport cannot be used everywhere. In villages, bullock carts and cycles are important means of transport. In cities, we use cycles, scooters, motorcycles, cars, buses, three-wheelers, etc.
In Kolkata and Delhi, we have an underground railway called the Metro.
Metro trains are the most important means of transport. At some places, it is above the ground, and at other places, it is underground.
These means of transport, that move on the land only, are called the land transport.
Ships, boats and steamers sail on water and are called the water transport. Aeroplanes and helicopters are the means of air transport.
In deserts, people use camels for transportation. In hilly areas, ponies and mules are used. In places, having thick forests, people use elephants to go from one place to another. Ropeways or trolleys are used in mountains. In areas covered with snow people use sledges.
Transportation facilities have brought different countries of the world closer.
Some of our friends and relatives may be living in other countries. We can go there by aeroplanes. Travelling by air is more costly, but it is faster and more comfortable. Aeroplanes also carry fresh fruits, vegetables and other perishable items. Letters and parcels are also sent by aeroplanes to all corners of the world.
In Kolkata and Delhi, we have an underground railway called the Metro.
Metro trains are the most important means of transport. At some places, it is above the ground, and at other places, it is underground.
These means of transport, that move on the land only, are called the land transport.
Ships, boats and steamers sail on water and are called the water transport. Aeroplanes and helicopters are the means of air transport.
Transportation facilities have brought different countries of the world closer.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.
Do Ex A,B,D,E,G,H on page No.83 to 85.
A. Tick the right answer:
1. Aeroplane is a means of
a) land transport b) air transport c) Water transport.
2. The vehicle that moves on track is called
a) bus b) truck c) train
3. Ropeways are used in
a) mountains b) plains c) desert.
4. In deserts _____ are used as a means of transport.
a) Camels b) horses c) donkeys
B. Complete the Sentences:
1. My father goes to office by ________
2. My mother goes to work by ________.
3. I go to school by _______.
4. For going to other cities ,we use _____.
D. Make a list of the means of the transport used for carrying goods.
02 / FEBRUARY / 2021 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 9 OUR OCCUPATIONS(Revision)
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB
02 / FEBRUARY / 2021
Do Ex A,B,D,E,F on page No. 72,73.A. Tick the right answer:1. The main occupation of people living in villages isa) mining b) farming c) teaching2._______ are used for ploughing the fieldsa) Oxen b) Horses c) Camels3. The oil is produced froma) pulses b) wheat c) mustard seeds4. We get sugar froma) rubber b) jute c) Sugarcane5. Trees are cut down to makea) paper b) sugar c) cotton.
B. Complete the sentences:1. The occupation of my father is _________.2. The occupation of my mother is ______.3. When I grow up, I would like to be a ______.4. Two main occupations of the city people in my state are:a) _______ b) ________.5. Two main occupations of the village people in my state are:a) _________ b) _________.
F. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False:1. We need money to buy food, clothes,house and things of daily use.2. The work that we do to earn money is called an occupation.3. Most of the people in India live in towns. 4. Our country has a very short coastline.5. People collect latex from rubber trees to make rubber.
1. The main occupation of people living in villages is
a) mining b) farming c) teaching
2._______ are used for ploughing the fields
a) Oxen b) Horses c) Camels
3. The oil is produced from
a) pulses b) wheat c) mustard seeds
4. We get sugar from
a) rubber b) jute c) Sugarcane
5. Trees are cut down to make
a) paper b) sugar c) cotton.
B. Complete the sentences:
1. The occupation of my father is _________.
2. The occupation of my mother is ______.
3. When I grow up, I would like to be a ______.
4. Two main occupations of the city people in my state are:
a) _______ b) ________.
5. Two main occupations of the village people in my state are:
a) _________ b) _________.
29 / JANUARY / 2021 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 9 OUR OCCUPATIONS(Revision)Now watch this video for better understanding: We need money to buy various things such as food, clothes, house and things of daily use. All of us do some kind of work to earn money. The work that we do to earn money is called an occupation.
Different people take up different occupations according to their interests and needs. Some people work in offices. Some work as doctors, engineers, nurses, teachers and lawyers. Some people have their own business.Some people work as farmers, carpenters, tailors, labourers, potters, cobblers, ironsmiths, etc.
FarmingMost of the people in India live in villages. Farming is one of the main occupations of the people in our country. Farmers in India grow many kinds of cereals, vegetables, fruits, tea, jute and other crops. Farming is done at places with a fertile soil and water resources like wells, tanks, canals and rivers.
Cattle rearing is another important occupation. People keep animals like cows, buffaloes and goats which provide us milk. Oxen are used for ploughing the fields. In hilly areas, people rear sheep to get wool from them. Some people have poultry farms from where we get eggs and chicken to eat.
29 / JANUARY / 2021
OTHER OCCUPATIONS
Many people work in industries which depend on the products of farming. People working in textile mills produce cloth from cotton. People working in jute mills make bags and ropes used for packing cement, sugar, foodgrains, etc. In sugar mills , sugar cane is crushed to make sugar. People working in oil mills produce oil from mustard seeds, groundnut or sunflower, etc.
In tea gardens, people pick up tea leaves and send them for Assignment: Read Chapter 9 carefully.
Many people work in industries which depend on the products of farming. People working in textile mills produce cloth from cotton. People working in jute mills make bags and ropes used for packing cement, sugar, foodgrains, etc. In sugar mills , sugar cane is crushed to make sugar. People working in oil mills produce oil from mustard seeds, groundnut or sunflower, etc.
In tea gardens, people pick up tea leaves and send them for
22 / JANUARY / 2021 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 19 lMPORTANT lNDIAN CITIESAssignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.Do Ex- A,C,D on page No.134 and 135.
22 / JANUARY / 2021
19 / JANUARY / 2021 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 19 lMPORTANT lNDIAN CITIESLet us look at some other major cities of our multifaceted country.ChandigarhChandigarh is the capital of two states, Punjab and Haryana. It is the first ever planned city in India. Chandigarh was planned by the French architect Le Corbusier. It was declared a Union Territory in 1966.The city is comprised of people from various religions like Hindus, Sikhs, Christians and Muslims. Major festivals celebrated here by the locals are Baisakhi,
19 / JANUARY / 2021
Guruparab, Lohri.
Rock Garden is very famous as it has been made by using industrial and urban waste. Sukhna Lake and Rose Garden are other major tourist attractions.
Jaipur
Jaipur is the capital city of Rajasthan. It was built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. Some of the important places of tourist attractions are Hawa Mahal, City Palace, Jantar Mantar and Albert Hall. It is known as the "Pink City" because of the pink sandstone used for the construction of all the structures.
Jaipur has major craft industries like block printing; sculpture; miniature paintings; ivory carving and shellac work. Major festivals celebrated are Gangaur, Teej,
Kite and Elephant festival.Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh. The city is on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River. Hindi and Urdu are the main languages of Lucknow. The major industrial items are marble products, handicrafts, art pieces, jewellery, textiles, and electronics.
Holi, Diwali, Dussehra, Eid, and Muharram are major festivals celebrated in Lucknow. Clock Tower, Rumi Darwaza, Imambaras and the Shaheed Smarak are its main tourist attractions.
Patna
Patna is the capital city of Bihar. Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. It is a major agricultural centre of trade and its most active exports are grain, sugar cane, sesame, and Patna rice. Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb, Hanuman Mandir, Patna Museum, Golghar and Qila House are some of the major tourist attractions of this city. Chhath, Dussehra, Diwali, Holi and Eid are major festivals celebrated here.
Guwahati
Guwahati is the biggest city of Assam. The city is between the banks of the Brahmaputra river and the foothills of the Shillong plateau. Assam State Museum,
Guwahati Planetarium and Bhubaneswari Temple are some of the major tourist attractions. Bihu and Brahmaputra beach festival are major festivals celebrated here. Guwahati is famous for bamboo items, traditional handloom, and mekhla chadars.
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad is the largest city of Gujarat. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati. Textiles is one of the major industries of the city along with automobile and gemstone industries. Navratri, Diwali, Holi, Ganesh Chaturthi and Eid are major festivals of this city. Garba is the most popular folk dance of Gujarat. Akshardham Temple, Sardar Patel National Memorial, Sabarmati Ashram and Bhadra Fort are major tourist attractions.
Bhopal
Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. The city is located on the banks of two lakes – Lower lake and Upper lake. Bhopal is known as the "City of Lakes" for its various natural as well as artificial lakes.
Taj-ul-Masjid, Moti Masjid, Birla Mandir, Van Vihar and Sanchi Stupa are major tourist destinations. Diwali, Ijtima, Ram Navami and Dhrupad Samaroh are major festivals celebrated here.
Now watch this video for your better understanding: HyderabadHyderabad, also known as "City of Pearls", is the capital city of both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The major industries of city include pearls, glass manufacturing, textiles, railway coaches and handicrafts.
Mecca Masjid, Nehru Zoological Park and Chowmahalla Palace are some of its major tourist attractions.
Diwali, Ganesha Chaturthi, Muharram, and Eid are the main festivals celebrated here.
Bengaluru
Bengaluru is the capital of Karnataka. Bengaluru is known as the "Garden City of India" because of its gentle climate, broad streets, greenery and the presence of many public parks, such as Lal Bagh and Cubbon Park. It is also called as the Silicon Valley of India because of the large number of information technology
companies located in the city. Bangalore Karaga is one of the most important and oldest festivals of Bengaluru.
Other popular festivals in Bengaluru are Ugadi, Eid, Idul-Fitr, Dussehra, Diwali and Christmas.
Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram is the capital of Kerala. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. It lies on the shores of Karamana and Killi rivers.
There are many tourist destinations in the city including Kovalam Beach, Shanghumukham Beach, Napier Museum, Agasthyarkoodam Peak, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Neyyar Dam and many others. People speak Malayalam and English. Onam is the major festival.
Assignment: Read Chapter 19 carefully.
15 / JANUARY / 2021 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 18 CHENNAINow watch this video for your better understanding: Chennai (earlier known as Madras) is the fourth largest city of India. It is situated on the south-eastern coast of India. It lies along the Bay of Bengal. Majority of the people in the city speak Tamil.Chennai is the capital of Tamil Nadu. All important offices of the government of Tamil Nadu are located here. The Governor, the Chief Minister and other state ministers of Tamil Nadu have their residence in Chennai.
Guruparab, Lohri.
Rock Garden is very famous as it has been made by using industrial and urban waste. Sukhna Lake and Rose Garden are other major tourist attractions.
Jaipur
Jaipur is the capital city of Rajasthan. It was built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. Some of the important places of tourist attractions are Hawa Mahal, City Palace, Jantar Mantar and Albert Hall. It is known as the "Pink City" because of the pink sandstone used for the construction of all the structures.
Jaipur has major craft industries like block printing; sculpture; miniature paintings; ivory carving and shellac work. Major festivals celebrated are Gangaur, Teej,
Kite and Elephant festival.
Rock Garden is very famous as it has been made by using industrial and urban waste. Sukhna Lake and Rose Garden are other major tourist attractions.
Jaipur is the capital city of Rajasthan. It was built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. Some of the important places of tourist attractions are Hawa Mahal, City Palace, Jantar Mantar and Albert Hall. It is known as the "Pink City" because of the pink sandstone used for the construction of all the structures.
Jaipur has major craft industries like block printing; sculpture; miniature paintings; ivory carving and shellac work. Major festivals celebrated are Gangaur, Teej,
Kite and Elephant festival.
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh. The city is on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River. Hindi and Urdu are the main languages of Lucknow. The major industrial items are marble products, handicrafts, art pieces, jewellery, textiles, and electronics.
Holi, Diwali, Dussehra, Eid, and Muharram are major festivals celebrated in Lucknow. Clock Tower, Rumi Darwaza, Imambaras and the Shaheed Smarak are its main tourist attractions.
Patna
Patna is the capital city of Bihar. Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. It is a major agricultural centre of trade and its most active exports are grain, sugar cane, sesame, and Patna rice. Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb, Hanuman Mandir, Patna Museum, Golghar and Qila House are some of the major tourist attractions of this city. Chhath, Dussehra, Diwali, Holi and Eid are major festivals celebrated here.
Guwahati
Guwahati is the biggest city of Assam. The city is between the banks of the Brahmaputra river and the foothills of the Shillong plateau. Assam State Museum,
Guwahati Planetarium and Bhubaneswari Temple are some of the major tourist attractions. Bihu and Brahmaputra beach festival are major festivals celebrated here. Guwahati is famous for bamboo items, traditional handloom, and mekhla chadars.
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad is the largest city of Gujarat. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati. Textiles is one of the major industries of the city along with automobile and gemstone industries. Navratri, Diwali, Holi, Ganesh Chaturthi and Eid are major festivals of this city. Garba is the most popular folk dance of Gujarat. Akshardham Temple, Sardar Patel National Memorial, Sabarmati Ashram and Bhadra Fort are major tourist attractions.
Bhopal
Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. The city is located on the banks of two lakes – Lower lake and Upper lake. Bhopal is known as the "City of Lakes" for its various natural as well as artificial lakes.
Taj-ul-Masjid, Moti Masjid, Birla Mandir, Van Vihar and Sanchi Stupa are major tourist destinations. Diwali, Ijtima, Ram Navami and Dhrupad Samaroh are major festivals celebrated here.
Mecca Masjid, Nehru Zoological Park and Chowmahalla Palace are some of its major tourist attractions.
Diwali, Ganesha Chaturthi, Muharram, and Eid are the main festivals celebrated here.
Bengaluru
Bengaluru is the capital of Karnataka. Bengaluru is known as the "Garden City of India" because of its gentle climate, broad streets, greenery and the presence of many public parks, such as Lal Bagh and Cubbon Park. It is also called as the Silicon Valley of India because of the large number of information technology
companies located in the city. Bangalore Karaga is one of the most important and oldest festivals of Bengaluru.
Other popular festivals in Bengaluru are Ugadi, Eid, Idul-Fitr, Dussehra, Diwali and Christmas.
Thiruvananthapuram
Thiruvananthapuram is the capital of Kerala. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. It lies on the shores of Karamana and Killi rivers.
There are many tourist destinations in the city including Kovalam Beach, Shanghumukham Beach, Napier Museum, Agasthyarkoodam Peak, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Neyyar Dam and many others. People speak Malayalam and English. Onam is the major festival.
Lucknow is the capital of Uttar Pradesh. The city is on the northwestern shore of the Gomti River. Hindi and Urdu are the main languages of Lucknow. The major industrial items are marble products, handicrafts, art pieces, jewellery, textiles, and electronics.
Holi, Diwali, Dussehra, Eid, and Muharram are major festivals celebrated in Lucknow. Clock Tower, Rumi Darwaza, Imambaras and the Shaheed Smarak are its main tourist attractions.
Patna
Patna is the capital city of Bihar. Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. It is a major agricultural centre of trade and its most active exports are grain, sugar cane, sesame, and Patna rice. Takht Shri Harmandir Saheb, Hanuman Mandir, Patna Museum, Golghar and Qila House are some of the major tourist attractions of this city. Chhath, Dussehra, Diwali, Holi and Eid are major festivals celebrated here.
Guwahati is the biggest city of Assam. The city is between the banks of the Brahmaputra river and the foothills of the Shillong plateau. Assam State Museum,
Guwahati Planetarium and Bhubaneswari Temple are some of the major tourist attractions. Bihu and Brahmaputra beach festival are major festivals celebrated here. Guwahati is famous for bamboo items, traditional handloom, and mekhla chadars.
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad is the largest city of Gujarat. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati. Textiles is one of the major industries of the city along with automobile and gemstone industries. Navratri, Diwali, Holi, Ganesh Chaturthi and Eid are major festivals of this city. Garba is the most popular folk dance of Gujarat. Akshardham Temple, Sardar Patel National Memorial, Sabarmati Ashram and Bhadra Fort are major tourist attractions.
Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh. The city is located on the banks of two lakes – Lower lake and Upper lake. Bhopal is known as the "City of Lakes" for its various natural as well as artificial lakes.
Taj-ul-Masjid, Moti Masjid, Birla Mandir, Van Vihar and Sanchi Stupa are major tourist destinations. Diwali, Ijtima, Ram Navami and Dhrupad Samaroh are major festivals celebrated here.
Now watch this video for your better understanding:
Hyderabad
Hyderabad, also known as "City of Pearls", is the capital city of both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The major industries of city include pearls, glass manufacturing, textiles, railway coaches and handicrafts.
Mecca Masjid, Nehru Zoological Park and Chowmahalla Palace are some of its major tourist attractions.
Diwali, Ganesha Chaturthi, Muharram, and Eid are the main festivals celebrated here.
Bengaluru is the capital of Karnataka. Bengaluru is known as the "Garden City of India" because of its gentle climate, broad streets, greenery and the presence of many public parks, such as Lal Bagh and Cubbon Park. It is also called as the Silicon Valley of India because of the large number of information technology
companies located in the city. Bangalore Karaga is one of the most important and oldest festivals of Bengaluru.
Other popular festivals in Bengaluru are Ugadi, Eid, Idul-Fitr, Dussehra, Diwali and Christmas.
Thiruvananthapuram is the capital of Kerala. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland. It lies on the shores of Karamana and Killi rivers.
There are many tourist destinations in the city including Kovalam Beach, Shanghumukham Beach, Napier Museum, Agasthyarkoodam Peak, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Neyyar Dam and many others. People speak Malayalam and English. Onam is the major festival.
Assignment: Read Chapter 19 carefully.
15 / JANUARY / 2021
Chennai is an important seaport. Ships bring in goods from other countries, and carry goods made in our country to other countries from this seaport.
Industries
There are many important industries which produce cars, motorcycles, paints, leather goods, petroleum, railway coaches, etc. Perambur near Chennai is famous for its factory, making railway coaches. Tanks are manufactured near Avadi in Chennai. Chennai has a very well-known film industry. It produces Hindi and Tamil films.
Festivals
People of Chennai celebrate a number of festivals. Pongal is the most important festival of Chennai. It is a harvest festival, celebrated in the month of January.
Climate
The climate of Chennai is neither very hot nor very cold. In summer, it is very humid. People wear cotton clothes throughout the year. The city gets more rain in winter than in summer.
Tourist Attractions
Chennai has a beautiful beach, called the Marina Beach. It is the longest beach in India. The V.G.P. Golden Beach is liked by children because of its swings and a toy train. Chennai is an important tourist centre. It has many places worthseeing such as Fort St. George, St. Thomas Cathedral, the Government Museum, Kapaleshwar and Parthasarthi temples, Snake Park, and the Gandhi Mandapam. These temples are well-known for their stone carvings.
Food
The main food of the people of Chennai is rice, sambar and curd. Their dishes like dosa, idli, upma, vada, and rasam are also quite popular in other parts of the country.
Dance
The people here are very fond of music and dance, especially classical dances.
The most popular dance of Tamil Nadu is Bharatnatyam. Almost every house has one girl or woman learning this dance form.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.Do Ex A,C,D,E,F on page No. 128 and 129.
Chennai is an important seaport. Ships bring in goods from other countries, and carry goods made in our country to other countries from this seaport.
Industries
There are many important industries which produce cars, motorcycles, paints, leather goods, petroleum, railway coaches, etc. Perambur near Chennai is famous for its factory, making railway coaches. Tanks are manufactured near Avadi in Chennai. Chennai has a very well-known film industry. It produces Hindi and Tamil films.
Festivals
People of Chennai celebrate a number of festivals. Pongal is the most important festival of Chennai. It is a harvest festival, celebrated in the month of January.
Climate
The climate of Chennai is neither very hot nor very cold. In summer, it is very humid. People wear cotton clothes throughout the year. The city gets more rain in winter than in summer.
Tourist Attractions
Chennai has a beautiful beach, called the Marina Beach. It is the longest beach in India. The V.G.P. Golden Beach is liked by children because of its swings and a toy train. Chennai is an important tourist centre. It has many places worthseeing such as Fort St. George, St. Thomas Cathedral, the Government Museum, Kapaleshwar and Parthasarthi temples, Snake Park, and the Gandhi Mandapam. These temples are well-known for their stone carvings.
Food
The main food of the people of Chennai is rice, sambar and curd. Their dishes like dosa, idli, upma, vada, and rasam are also quite popular in other parts of the country.
Dance
The people here are very fond of music and dance, especially classical dances.
The most popular dance of Tamil Nadu is Bharatnatyam. Almost every house has one girl or woman learning this dance form.
Industries
There are many important industries which produce cars, motorcycles, paints, leather goods, petroleum, railway coaches, etc. Perambur near Chennai is famous for its factory, making railway coaches. Tanks are manufactured near Avadi in Chennai. Chennai has a very well-known film industry. It produces Hindi and Tamil films.
Festivals
People of Chennai celebrate a number of festivals. Pongal is the most important festival of Chennai. It is a harvest festival, celebrated in the month of January.
The climate of Chennai is neither very hot nor very cold. In summer, it is very humid. People wear cotton clothes throughout the year. The city gets more rain in winter than in summer.
Tourist Attractions
Chennai has a beautiful beach, called the Marina Beach. It is the longest beach in India. The V.G.P. Golden Beach is liked by children because of its swings and a toy train. Chennai is an important tourist centre. It has many places worthseeing such as Fort St. George, St. Thomas Cathedral, the Government Museum, Kapaleshwar and Parthasarthi temples, Snake Park, and the Gandhi Mandapam. These temples are well-known for their stone carvings.
The main food of the people of Chennai is rice, sambar and curd. Their dishes like dosa, idli, upma, vada, and rasam are also quite popular in other parts of the country.
Dance
The people here are very fond of music and dance, especially classical dances.
The most popular dance of Tamil Nadu is Bharatnatyam. Almost every house has one girl or woman learning this dance form.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.
12 / JANUARY / 2021 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 17 KOLKATANow watch this video for better understanding:Kolkata, earlier called Calcutta, is one of the important metropolitan cities of India. It was established by the British in 1668 and was the capital of British India till 1911. It is situated on the bank of the river Hugli in Bengal.
12 / JANUARY / 2021
It lies on the east coast of India.
Government
It is the capital of Bengal. All important offices of the state government are located here. The language spoken in this metropolitan city is Bengali.
The city is about 150 km from the sea, yet it is an important seaport because the river Hugli is very deep and big ships can safely sail through it.
Tourist Attractions
The Howrah Bridge, on the river Hugli, is one of the main attractions of Kolkata. It is a cantilever bridge. It does not have any pillars.
The new name of this bridge is Rabindra Setu. The bridge could be opened and lifted to allow the ships to pass. But now, it has been closed. A new bridge on the river Hugli, called Vidyasagar Setu, connects Howrah and Kolkata.
Industries
Kolkata is an important centre of industry. The main industries here are: cotton, silk, jute, rice mills, chemicals, fertilizers, paper and glassworks.
Climate
The climate of Kolkata is mild and humid. It is neither very hot nor very cold. It rains heavily here during the monsoon or rainy season.
Festivals
The most important festival of Bengal is the Durga Puja. It is celebrated with great pomp and show for about ten days.
Transport
Kolkata has India's first underground railway system, called the Metro. The Tram is another means of transport here. A tram runs on rails through the city.
The airport in Kolkata is named after the great leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
Food
The people of Kolkata love to eat rice and fish. They also love sweets like rasogulla and sandesh. The Bengalis are fond of painting, singing and dancing. Their most popular game is football.
Tourist Attractions
The places worth visiting in Kolkata are: The Victoria Memorial made of white marble is a famous monument known for its paintings and statues. The Birla Planetarium, the Ravindra Sarovar, the National Library, the Belur Math and the temples in Kalighat and Dakshineshwar are other attractions. One can also visit the Science City. The Botanical Garden is famous for its ancient banyan tree. The Eden Gardens is a famous cricket ground in Kolkata. Salt Lake Stadium is another famous stadium of Kolkata.
Kolkata also has a major port called the Diamond Harbour.
Shantiniketan, founded by the famous Bengali poet, Rabindranath Tagore, is at some distance away from Kolkata.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.Do Ex A, C, D ,E on page No.121 and 122.
11 / DECEMBER / 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 16 MUMBAINow watch this video for better understanding:Mumbai or Bombay of the older days, is an important metropolitan city of India. It is situated on the west coast of India along the Arabian Sea. People from different parts of our country live here. A large number of people in Mumbai speak Marathi.GovernmentMumbai is the capital of Maharashtra. The Governor, the Chief Minister and other State Ministers have their offices in Mumbai. The other offices of the State Government are also located in Mumbai.Mumbai is the biggest seaport of India. Goods are shipped to other countries from Mumbai. Goods from other countries are also brought here by ships.
It lies on the east coast of India.
Government
It is the capital of Bengal. All important offices of the state government are located here. The language spoken in this metropolitan city is Bengali.
The city is about 150 km from the sea, yet it is an important seaport because the river Hugli is very deep and big ships can safely sail through it.
Tourist Attractions
The Howrah Bridge, on the river Hugli, is one of the main attractions of Kolkata. It is a cantilever bridge. It does not have any pillars.
The new name of this bridge is Rabindra Setu. The bridge could be opened and lifted to allow the ships to pass. But now, it has been closed. A new bridge on the river Hugli, called Vidyasagar Setu, connects Howrah and Kolkata.
Industries
Kolkata is an important centre of industry. The main industries here are: cotton, silk, jute, rice mills, chemicals, fertilizers, paper and glassworks.
Climate
The climate of Kolkata is mild and humid. It is neither very hot nor very cold. It rains heavily here during the monsoon or rainy season.
Festivals
The most important festival of Bengal is the Durga Puja. It is celebrated with great pomp and show for about ten days.
Transport
Kolkata has India's first underground railway system, called the Metro. The Tram is another means of transport here. A tram runs on rails through the city.
The airport in Kolkata is named after the great leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
Food
The people of Kolkata love to eat rice and fish. They also love sweets like rasogulla and sandesh. The Bengalis are fond of painting, singing and dancing. Their most popular game is football.
Tourist Attractions
The places worth visiting in Kolkata are: The Victoria Memorial made of white marble is a famous monument known for its paintings and statues. The Birla Planetarium, the Ravindra Sarovar, the National Library, the Belur Math and the temples in Kalighat and Dakshineshwar are other attractions. One can also visit the Science City. The Botanical Garden is famous for its ancient banyan tree. The Eden Gardens is a famous cricket ground in Kolkata. Salt Lake Stadium is another famous stadium of Kolkata.
Kolkata also has a major port called the Diamond Harbour.
Shantiniketan, founded by the famous Bengali poet, Rabindranath Tagore, is at some distance away from Kolkata.
It is the capital of Bengal. All important offices of the state government are located here. The language spoken in this metropolitan city is Bengali.
The city is about 150 km from the sea, yet it is an important seaport because the river Hugli is very deep and big ships can safely sail through it.
Tourist Attractions
The Howrah Bridge, on the river Hugli, is one of the main attractions of Kolkata. It is a cantilever bridge. It does not have any pillars.
Industries
Kolkata is an important centre of industry. The main industries here are: cotton, silk, jute, rice mills, chemicals, fertilizers, paper and glassworks.
Climate
The climate of Kolkata is mild and humid. It is neither very hot nor very cold. It rains heavily here during the monsoon or rainy season.
Festivals
The most important festival of Bengal is the Durga Puja. It is celebrated with great pomp and show for about ten days.
Kolkata has India's first underground railway system, called the Metro. The Tram is another means of transport here. A tram runs on rails through the city.
The airport in Kolkata is named after the great leader Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
The people of Kolkata love to eat rice and fish. They also love sweets like rasogulla and sandesh. The Bengalis are fond of painting, singing and dancing. Their most popular game is football.
Tourist Attractions
The places worth visiting in Kolkata are: The Victoria Memorial made of white marble is a famous monument known for its paintings and statues. The Birla Planetarium, the Ravindra Sarovar, the National Library, the Belur Math and the temples in Kalighat and Dakshineshwar are other attractions. One can also visit the Science City. The Botanical Garden is famous for its ancient banyan tree. The Eden Gardens is a famous cricket ground in Kolkata. Salt Lake Stadium is another famous stadium of Kolkata.
Kolkata also has a major port called the Diamond Harbour.
Shantiniketan, founded by the famous Bengali poet, Rabindranath Tagore, is at some distance away from Kolkata.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.
Do Ex A, C, D ,E on page No.121 and 122.
11 / DECEMBER / 2020
Climate
The climate of Mumbai is neither too hot nor too cold. It is warm and humid in summer. There is a heavy rainfall during June, July and August.
Industries
Mumbai is a ‘City of Industries’. It has a large number of cotton textile mills. It also has factories producing chemicals, medicines, edible oils, fertilizers and electronic goods. These factories provide jobs to a large number of people from all parts of India.
In Bombay High, crude oil has been found in the seabed. Bombay High is one of the most important petroleum fields in India. India’s first atomic power plant, known as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, is situated at Trombay near Mumbai. It carries out research related to peaceful uses of atomic energy.
Mumbai is the centre of film industry too. Most of the Hindi and the Marathi films and television serials are produced in Mumbai. So it is also called Bollywood. Most of the Hindi film actors also live here.
Festivals
Though all the important Indian festivals are celebrated here, Ganesh Chaturthi is the most important festival for the people of Mumbai. It is celebrated with great devotion and rejoicing for ten days.
Favorite Food
The people here are fond of eating shrikhand, bhelpuri, vada-pav and pav bhaji.
Tourist Attractions
The most famous landmark in Mumbai is the Gateway of India. Other interesting places are: the amusement park, called the Essel World, the Taraporevala Aquarium, the Kamla Nehru Park, the Hanging Garden, the Jahangir Art Gallery, etc. Other beautiful places along the sea are: the Marine Drive, the Chaupati, the Nariman Point and the Juhu Beach.
The arc of shining lights along the Marine Drive is called the Queen’s Necklace. The Elephanta Caves are on an island which is just 10 km away from Mumbai. It has four rock-cut temples.
Transport
The first train in India ran from Mumbai to Thane in 1853. Today, Mumbai has one of the best public transport systems in India. People travel by local trains and busses. Recently monorail has also been started in Mumbai.
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai is one of the busiest railway stations in India. This is known as CST or Bombay V.T.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.Do Ex A, C, D ,E on page No.115 to 117.
Climate
The climate of Mumbai is neither too hot nor too cold. It is warm and humid in summer. There is a heavy rainfall during June, July and August.
Industries
Mumbai is a ‘City of Industries’. It has a large number of cotton textile mills. It also has factories producing chemicals, medicines, edible oils, fertilizers and electronic goods. These factories provide jobs to a large number of people from all parts of India.
In Bombay High, crude oil has been found in the seabed. Bombay High is one of the most important petroleum fields in India. India’s first atomic power plant, known as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, is situated at Trombay near Mumbai. It carries out research related to peaceful uses of atomic energy.
Mumbai is the centre of film industry too. Most of the Hindi and the Marathi films and television serials are produced in Mumbai. So it is also called Bollywood. Most of the Hindi film actors also live here.
Festivals
Though all the important Indian festivals are celebrated here, Ganesh Chaturthi is the most important festival for the people of Mumbai. It is celebrated with great devotion and rejoicing for ten days.
Favorite Food
The people here are fond of eating shrikhand, bhelpuri, vada-pav and pav bhaji.
Tourist Attractions
The most famous landmark in Mumbai is the Gateway of India. Other interesting places are: the amusement park, called the Essel World, the Taraporevala Aquarium, the Kamla Nehru Park, the Hanging Garden, the Jahangir Art Gallery, etc. Other beautiful places along the sea are: the Marine Drive, the Chaupati, the Nariman Point and the Juhu Beach.
The arc of shining lights along the Marine Drive is called the Queen’s Necklace. The Elephanta Caves are on an island which is just 10 km away from Mumbai. It has four rock-cut temples.
Transport
The first train in India ran from Mumbai to Thane in 1853. Today, Mumbai has one of the best public transport systems in India. People travel by local trains and busses. Recently monorail has also been started in Mumbai.
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai is one of the busiest railway stations in India. This is known as CST or Bombay V.T.
The climate of Mumbai is neither too hot nor too cold. It is warm and humid in summer. There is a heavy rainfall during June, July and August.
Industries
Mumbai is a ‘City of Industries’. It has a large number of cotton textile mills. It also has factories producing chemicals, medicines, edible oils, fertilizers and electronic goods. These factories provide jobs to a large number of people from all parts of India.
In Bombay High, crude oil has been found in the seabed. Bombay High is one of the most important petroleum fields in India. India’s first atomic power plant, known as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, is situated at Trombay near Mumbai. It carries out research related to peaceful uses of atomic energy.
Mumbai is the centre of film industry too. Most of the Hindi and the Marathi films and television serials are produced in Mumbai. So it is also called Bollywood. Most of the Hindi film actors also live here.
Festivals
Though all the important Indian festivals are celebrated here, Ganesh Chaturthi is the most important festival for the people of Mumbai. It is celebrated with great devotion and rejoicing for ten days.
Favorite Food
The people here are fond of eating shrikhand, bhelpuri, vada-pav and pav bhaji.
The most famous landmark in Mumbai is the Gateway of India. Other interesting places are: the amusement park, called the Essel World, the Taraporevala Aquarium, the Kamla Nehru Park, the Hanging Garden, the Jahangir Art Gallery, etc. Other beautiful places along the sea are: the Marine Drive, the Chaupati, the Nariman Point and the Juhu Beach.
The first train in India ran from Mumbai to Thane in 1853. Today, Mumbai has one of the best public transport systems in India. People travel by local trains and busses. Recently monorail has also been started in Mumbai.
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in Mumbai is one of the busiest railway stations in India. This is known as CST or Bombay V.T.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies-OCB.
Do Ex A, C, D ,E on page No.115 to 117.
27 / NOVEMBER / 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 8 OUR FESTIVALS( Revision )We celebrate many occasions such as birthdays, weddings, wedding anniversaries, etc. with our family. On these occasions we invite our friends and relatives. We give and receive gifts.
We also celebrate a number of festivals during the year. Festivals such as Holi, Diwali, Basant Panchami, Eid, Christmas, Guruparab, Onam, Pongal, Bihu, Durga Puja, etc. are fun for everybody. We wait for these festivals very eagerly. We buy and wear new clothes. We prepare and distribute sweets. People sing and dance to celebrate some festivals.
Festivals which are celebrated throughout the country by the entire nation are called National Festivals. National festivals remind us of some special events in the history of our country. We have three main national festivals:
27 / NOVEMBER / 2020
1. Independence Day2. Republic Day3. Gandhi Jayanti
Independence DayIndia got its independence from the British rule on 15th August, 1947. We celebrate this day as our national festival. On this day, the Prime Minister of India hoists the National Flag at the Red Fort in Delhi. On this day, we remember those who had sacrificed their lives for the freedom of their country.
Republic Day
The Republic Day is celebrated on 26th January, every year. On this day, a special parade is held at Vijay Chowk in New Delhi. School children also take part in this parade. There is a display oftanks, aeroplanes and marchpast of the armed forces.
Decorated ‘Jhankis’ or tableaux from different states are the main attractions of the parade. Children who recieve bravery awards also take part in the parade. They come riding on the elephants.
The President of India takes the salute of the Republic Day parade. Important government buildings are also lighted up in the evening.
Gandhi Jayanti
On this day, we celebrate the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi – the Father of the Nation. It is celebrated on 2nd October every year. On this day, a special function is held at Raj Ghat, the samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi, in New Delhi. People pay their homage to the great leader, who spent his entire life fighting for the independence of the country.
Festivals which are connected with religious events and are celebrated mostly by the people of that particular religion are called Religious Festivals. People of many religions live in India. Thus many religious festivals are celebrated here.
Diwali
Diwali is celebrated to mark the return of Lord Rama, Sita and Lakshmana to Ayodhya after fourteen years of exile. It is also called the ‘festival of lights’. Houses are cleaned and decorated with candles, diyas or small bulbs. Lord Ganesha and Goddess Lakshmi – the ‘Goddess of Wealth’ – are worshipped on the Diwali night. People exchange sweets and other gift items. Children play with crackers and sparklers. Some people celebrate it as the New Year Day.
Holi
Holi is a ‘festival of colours’. It is celebrated in the month of March when the crops of wheat and millet are ready for harvesting. It is also considered as a harvest festival.
On this day, people apply coloured powder or gulal on friends and relatives. They also sprinkle coloured water on each other with a pichkari. That is why, it is called a 'festival of colours'. People embrace each other and also distribute sweets.
Dussehra
This festival is celebrated in all parts of our country. It marks the victory of good over evil. It is also called Vijayadashami. On this day, Lord Rama had killed the tenheaded demon King, Ravana.
Ramlila, depicting the life story of Lord Rama, is enacted for nine days. On the tenth day, the effigies of Ravana, Meghnad and Kumbhakarna are burnt along with the bursting of crackers.
In some states like Bengal, Dussehra is celebrated as Durga Puja. The images of Durga are worshipped, and on the tenth day, they are immersed in a river. In Gujarat, it is celebrated as Navratri. Men and women perform the Garba dance, every evening for nine days.
Ganesh Chaturthi
This festival is celebrated mainly in Maharashtra to mark the birthday of Lord Ganesha or Ganpati – the elephantheaded ‘God of Wisdom’. Huge idols of Ganpati are installed in pandals (huge tents) and homes.
Janmashtami is celebrated to mark the birthday of Lord Krishna. On Mahavir Jayanti the Jains celebrate the birthday of Lord Mahavira. The birth of Lord Buddha is celebrated on Buddha Purnima.
Basant Panchami
Basant Panchami is celebrated in the beginning of the spring season. People wear yellow clothes, and sing and dance with joy. In Bengal, it is celebrated by worshipping 'Saraswati – the Goddess of learning'. In Punjab, people fly colourful kites and cook yellow coloured rice or sweet dishes.
Raksha Bandhan
On this day, sisters tie Rakhis on their brothers' wrists, and pray for their welfare. Brothers give gifts or money to their sisters and pledge to protect and take care of them.
Eid
Eid or Id is the most important Muslim festival. People go to mosques to offer Namaz. They embrace each other and wish ‘Eid Mubarak’. People give alms to the poor. ‘Sevian’, a special sweet dish, is prepared on the day of ld-ul- Fitr.
Id-ul-Zuha is also known as Bakrid. Goats are sacrificed on this day. So there are two types of Eid.
Guruparab
The birthdays of the Sikh Gurus are celebrated as Guruparabs. On these days, people go to the Gurudwaras, and pray to their Gurus.
The Sikhs have ten Gurus including Guru Nanak Dev, who was the founder of the Sikh religion.
Christmas
It is celebrated on the 25th December all over the world. It is the birthday of Lord Jesus Christ.
People decorate Christmas trees in their homes with shining balls, bulbs and bells.
They also put stars on the Christmas trees and on the front door of the house. They go to churches to pray, and exchange gifts on this occasion.
Harvest is an important activity in our country. It is the time when a crop that has been sown earlier is ready for reaping. The festivals that mark the change of seasons are called Harvest Festivals. These festivals are known by different names and celebrated in different ways across the country.
Pongal
It is the festival of Tamil Nadu. On this day, cows are fed with Pongal Rice. The Sun God is worshipped. It is celebrated for three days, and is one of the most important festivals of Tamil Nadu.
Onam
It is the harvest festival of Kerala. It is a colourful festival. Boat races are held on this day. Elephants are fully decorated and their processions are taken out on the streets.
Bihu
It is the harvest festival of Assam. It is celebrated in the month of April. Buffalo fighting is one of the main attractions of the festival.
Baisakhi
It is the harvest festival of Punjab and Haryana. It is celebrated on 13th of April every year. It is celebrated with great joy. People wear traditional clothes and perform their traditional dance, Bhangra and Gidda. Festivals like Teej and Chhat are also celebrated with great joy.
We also celebrate the birthdays of many great men as festivals.
14th November, the birthday of our first Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, is celebrated as the Children’s Day. Children remember him as Chacha Nehru.
5th September, the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the former President and a great educationist, is celebrated as the Teacher's Day.
Festivals teach us to celebrate, enjoy and live together. National festivals are celebrated all over the country. But some festivals are celebrated differently in different states.
Tribal people living in many parts of our country have their own festivals and ways of celebrating them.
Assignment:Read chapter 8 carefully and complete all Ex in your Social Studies- OCB.
1. Independence Day
2. Republic Day
3. Gandhi Jayanti
Independence Day
India got its independence from the British rule on 15th August, 1947. We celebrate this day as our national festival. On this day, the Prime Minister of India hoists the National Flag at the Red Fort in Delhi. On this day, we remember those who had sacrificed their lives for the freedom of their country.
The Republic Day is celebrated on 26th January, every year. On this day, a special parade is held at Vijay Chowk in New Delhi. School children also take part in this parade. There is a display oftanks, aeroplanes and marchpast of the armed forces.
The President of India takes the salute of the Republic Day parade. Important government buildings are also lighted up in the evening.
Gandhi Jayanti
On this day, we celebrate the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi – the Father of the Nation. It is celebrated on 2nd October every year. On this day, a special function is held at Raj Ghat, the samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi, in New Delhi. People pay their homage to the great leader, who spent his entire life fighting for the independence of the country.
Diwali
Diwali is celebrated to mark the return of Lord Rama, Sita and Lakshmana to Ayodhya after fourteen years of exile. It is also called the ‘festival of lights’. Houses are cleaned and decorated with candles, diyas or small bulbs. Lord Ganesha and Goddess Lakshmi – the ‘Goddess of Wealth’ – are worshipped on the Diwali night. People exchange sweets and other gift items. Children play with crackers and sparklers. Some people celebrate it as the New Year Day.
Holi is a ‘festival of colours’. It is celebrated in the month of March when the crops of wheat and millet are ready for harvesting. It is also considered as a harvest festival.
Dussehra
This festival is celebrated in all parts of our country. It marks the victory of good over evil. It is also called Vijayadashami. On this day, Lord Rama had killed the tenheaded demon King, Ravana.
In some states like Bengal, Dussehra is celebrated as Durga Puja. The images of Durga are worshipped, and on the tenth day, they are immersed in a river. In Gujarat, it is celebrated as Navratri. Men and women perform the Garba dance, every evening for nine days.
Ganesh Chaturthi
This festival is celebrated mainly in Maharashtra to mark the birthday of Lord Ganesha or Ganpati – the elephantheaded ‘God of Wisdom’. Huge idols of Ganpati are installed in pandals (huge tents) and homes.
Basant Panchami
Basant Panchami is celebrated in the beginning of the spring season. People wear yellow clothes, and sing and dance with joy. In Bengal, it is celebrated by worshipping 'Saraswati – the Goddess of learning'. In Punjab, people fly colourful kites and cook yellow coloured rice or sweet dishes.
On this day, sisters tie Rakhis on their brothers' wrists, and pray for their welfare. Brothers give gifts or money to their sisters and pledge to protect and take care of them.
Eid or Id is the most important Muslim festival. People go to mosques to offer Namaz. They embrace each other and wish ‘Eid Mubarak’. People give alms to the poor. ‘Sevian’, a special sweet dish, is prepared on the day of ld-ul- Fitr.
Id-ul-Zuha is also known as Bakrid. Goats are sacrificed on this day. So there are two types of Eid.
Guruparab
The birthdays of the Sikh Gurus are celebrated as Guruparabs. On these days, people go to the Gurudwaras, and pray to their Gurus.
Guruparab
The birthdays of the Sikh Gurus are celebrated as Guruparabs. On these days, people go to the Gurudwaras, and pray to their Gurus.
The Sikhs have ten Gurus including Guru Nanak Dev, who was the founder of the Sikh religion.
It is celebrated on the 25th December all over the world. It is the birthday of Lord Jesus Christ.
People decorate Christmas trees in their homes with shining balls, bulbs and bells.
Pongal
It is the festival of Tamil Nadu. On this day, cows are fed with Pongal Rice. The Sun God is worshipped. It is celebrated for three days, and is one of the most important festivals of Tamil Nadu.
It is the harvest festival of Kerala. It is a colourful festival. Boat races are held on this day. Elephants are fully decorated and their processions are taken out on the streets.
It is the harvest festival of Assam. It is celebrated in the month of April. Buffalo fighting is one of the main attractions of the festival.
It is the harvest festival of Punjab and Haryana. It is celebrated on 13th of April every year. It is celebrated with great joy. People wear traditional clothes and perform their traditional dance, Bhangra and Gidda. Festivals like Teej and Chhat are also celebrated with great joy.
14th November, the birthday of our first Prime Minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, is celebrated as the Children’s Day. Children remember him as Chacha Nehru.
5th September, the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the former President and a great educationist, is celebrated as the Teacher's Day.
Festivals teach us to celebrate, enjoy and live together. National festivals are celebrated all over the country. But some festivals are celebrated differently in different states.
Tribal people living in many parts of our country have their own festivals and ways of celebrating them.
Assignment:
Read chapter 8 carefully and complete all Ex in your Social Studies- OCB.
24 / NOVEMBER / 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 15 DELHIDelhi is the most important metropolitan city. It is the Capital of India. It is the third largest city in India. It is one of the fastest growing cities in India. River Yamuna flows through the eastern side of the city.
24 / NOVEMBER / 2020
Delhi shares its boundaries with the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. It is now called the National Capital Region of Delhi (NCR).
GovernmentAll the main offices of the Central Government of India including the Central Secretariat, are located in New Delhi. The offices of the National Capital Territory of Delhi are also located here. Our President, Prime Minister and all the Central Ministers, Members of Parliament (MPs) live in New Delhi. The Embassies of other countries are also located in New Delhi. It is the capital city of India.
HistoryDelhi has been the capital of many kingdoms in the past. The city was first built by the Pandava kings and was called Indraprastha. Emperor Shah Jahan rebuilt it, and named it as Shah Jahanabad.
When the Britishers ruled over India, they shifted their capital from Calcutta (Kolkata) to Delhi. New Delhi, actually was planned and designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens during the British rule in India.
The President of India lives in the Rashtrapati Bhavan. It has the beautiful Mughal Gardens which are open to public during the spring time.
The Parliament House is also situated nearby. It is a beautiful, round building.
Historic MonumentsThe India Gate is another important landmark of Delhi. It was built in the memory of the Indian soldiers who lost their lives in the World War. The Amar Jawan Jyoti keeps burning day and night at the India Gate in the memory of those soldiers, who sacrificed their lives for the country.
New Delhi is a well-planned city. It has broad roads and beautiful places of historical interest. The Red Fort is made up of red sandstone. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.
On the Independence Day, the Prime Minister of India hoists the National Flag at the Red Fort, every year.
The Qutub Minar is a very tall monument started by Qutub-ud-din Aibak and later built by Iltutmish. Near the Qutub Minar is an old iron pillar which has not rusted till today.
Among other buildings, there are the Humayun Tomb and the Old Fort. Jantar Mantar is an observatory.
Other Places to VisitThe Raj Ghat is the samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi–The Father of the Nation. Shanti Van, Shakti Sthal, Vijay Ghat, etc. are the other samadhis of our National Leaders.
Delhi has beautiful gardens like the Buddha Jayanti Park and the Lodhi Gardens. The Nehru Planetarium, the Zoo, the Rail Museum, the Dolls Museum and the Appu Ghar are of great attraction to the children.
Religious PlacesThere are famous places of worship of all religions in Delhi. The Jama Masjid, the Birla Mandir, the St. James Church and the Gurudwara Sisganj are some famous places of worship. The Lotus Temple, built a few years ago in white marble, is a Bahai temple built in the shape of a Lotus. The beautiful Akshardham temple, built a few years ago, has become the greatest tourist attraction of Delhi.
ClimateThe climate of Delhi is very hot in summer and very cold in winter. Hot and dry winds, called loo, blow in the months of May and June. It rains here during the months of July, August and September. Winter is very cold.
IndustriesDelhi is a big trade centre. It has many industries, offices and business units.
Banking, Information technology, pharmaceutical manufacturing, leather processing are some of the industries found here.
People from all the states of India live here, and practise their own culture, language and festivals. That is why Delhi is called ‘Mini India’.
TransportDelhi is famous for its Metro rail system. Being a very fast means of transport, metro has made travelling fast, easy and comfortable for the people of Delhi. It is soon going to connect the whole of NCR.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies- OCB.Do Ex A,C,D on page No. 108,109 and activity on page No. 110. 
Delhi shares its boundaries with the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. It is now called the National Capital Region of Delhi (NCR).
Government
All the main offices of the Central Government of India including the Central Secretariat, are located in New Delhi. The offices of the National Capital Territory of Delhi are also located here. Our President, Prime Minister and all the Central Ministers, Members of Parliament (MPs) live in New Delhi. The Embassies of other countries are also located in New Delhi. It is the capital city of India.
History
Delhi has been the capital of many kingdoms in the past. The city was first built by the Pandava kings and was called Indraprastha. Emperor Shah Jahan rebuilt it, and named it as Shah Jahanabad.
When the Britishers ruled over India, they shifted their capital from Calcutta (Kolkata) to Delhi. New Delhi, actually was planned and designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens during the British rule in India.
The President of India lives in the Rashtrapati Bhavan. It has the beautiful Mughal Gardens which are open to public during the spring time.
The Parliament House is also situated nearby. It is a beautiful, round building.
Historic Monuments
The India Gate is another important landmark of Delhi. It was built in the memory of the Indian soldiers who lost their lives in the World War. The Amar Jawan Jyoti keeps burning day and night at the India Gate in the memory of those soldiers, who sacrificed their lives for the country.
New Delhi is a well-planned city. It has broad roads and beautiful places of historical interest. The Red Fort is made up of red sandstone. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.
On the Independence Day, the Prime Minister of India hoists the National Flag at the Red Fort, every year.
The Qutub Minar is a very tall monument started by Qutub-ud-din Aibak and later built by Iltutmish. Near the Qutub Minar is an old iron pillar which has not rusted till today.
Among other buildings, there are the Humayun Tomb and the Old Fort. Jantar Mantar is an observatory.
Other Places to Visit
The Raj Ghat is the samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi–The Father of the Nation. Shanti Van, Shakti Sthal, Vijay Ghat, etc. are the other samadhis of our National Leaders.
Delhi has beautiful gardens like the Buddha Jayanti Park and the Lodhi Gardens. The Nehru Planetarium, the Zoo, the Rail Museum, the Dolls Museum and the Appu Ghar are of great attraction to the children.
Religious Places
There are famous places of worship of all religions in Delhi. The Jama Masjid, the Birla Mandir, the St. James Church and the Gurudwara Sisganj are some famous places of worship. The Lotus Temple, built a few years ago in white marble, is a Bahai temple built in the shape of a Lotus. The beautiful Akshardham temple, built a few years ago, has become the greatest tourist attraction of Delhi.
Climate
The climate of Delhi is very hot in summer and very cold in winter. Hot and dry winds, called loo, blow in the months of May and June. It rains here during the months of July, August and September. Winter is very cold.
Industries
Delhi is a big trade centre. It has many industries, offices and business units.
Banking, Information technology, pharmaceutical manufacturing, leather processing are some of the industries found here.
People from all the states of India live here, and practise their own culture, language and festivals. That is why Delhi is called ‘Mini India’.
Transport
Delhi is famous for its Metro rail system. Being a very fast means of transport, metro has made travelling fast, easy and comfortable for the people of Delhi. It is soon going to connect the whole of NCR.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies- OCB.
Do Ex A,C,D on page No. 108,109 and activity on page No. 110.
10 / NOVEMBER / 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 7 The Dresses We Wear(Revision)Now watch this video for better understanding:Dresses worn by the people in India depend upon the place where they live and the climatic conditions of those places. Some dresses are very popular, and are worn throughout the country.
10 / NOVEMBER / 2020
Women’s dresses like saree, ghaghra-choli, salwar-kameez, etc. are popular all over the country.
Similarly, men’s dresses such as shirt-trousers, dhoti-kurta, kurta-pyjama, kurta-lungi are worn by men all over the country.
The women of our country wear colourful dresses. Styles and designs of their dresses differ from place to place. The cloth used for making dresses also differs.
The most popular dress of women in India is saree. Sarees are worn in different styles in different states. We can easily know the state to which an Indian woman belongs, by seeing the way she wears her saree.
Other popular dresses are salwar-kameez in Punjab, Lehnga-choli in Gujarat, Ghaghra-kurta and Odhni in Haryana. Some women and girls wear jeans, frocks and skirts too.
The style of men’s dresses also differs from state to state.
Some men also cover their heads with a cap or a turban. The style of tying a turban also varies from state to state. The Gandhi cap is very popular in Gujarat and Maharashtra.
The dress of a person also depends upon the season in which it is worn. In winter, people wear thick, woollen clothes. In summer, they wear light, cotton dresses. In hilly areas, where it is cold throughout the year, people wear woollen clothes. In Kashmir, men and women wear a long woollen kurta, called the Phiran.
There are many tribes living in different parts of our country. They have their own typical dresses and customs.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies-OCB.Do Exs A,C,D,E,F on page No. 51 ,52 and 53.
F. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False:1) Dresses we wear depend upon the climatic conditions.2) Dresses we wear also depend upon the places we belong to.3) Phiran is worn by the people of Punjab.4) The Gandhi cap is very popular in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Women’s dresses like saree, ghaghra-choli, salwar-kameez, etc. are popular all over the country.
Similarly, men’s dresses such as shirt-trousers, dhoti-kurta, kurta-pyjama, kurta-lungi are worn by men all over the country.
The women of our country wear colourful dresses. Styles and designs of their dresses differ from place to place. The cloth used for making dresses also differs.
The most popular dress of women in India is saree. Sarees are worn in different styles in different states. We can easily know the state to which an Indian woman belongs, by seeing the way she wears her saree.
Other popular dresses are salwar-kameez in Punjab, Lehnga-choli in Gujarat, Ghaghra-kurta and Odhni in Haryana. Some women and girls wear jeans, frocks and skirts too.
The style of men’s dresses also differs from state to state.
Some men also cover their heads with a cap or a turban. The style of tying a turban also varies from state to state. The Gandhi cap is very popular in Gujarat and Maharashtra.
The dress of a person also depends upon the season in which it is worn. In winter, people wear thick, woollen clothes. In summer, they wear light, cotton dresses. In hilly areas, where it is cold throughout the year, people wear woollen clothes. In Kashmir, men and women wear a long woollen kurta, called the Phiran.
There are many tribes living in different parts of our country. They have their own typical dresses and customs.
Do Exs A,C,D,E,F on page No. 51 ,52 and 53.
F. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False:
1) Dresses we wear depend upon the climatic conditions.
2) Dresses we wear also depend upon the places we belong to.
3) Phiran is worn by the people of Punjab.
4) The Gandhi cap is very popular in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
06 / NOVEMBER / 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 13 The People Who Help Us.Now watch this video for better understanding:We cannot live alone in this world. We need the help of many people to fulfil our day-to-day needs, and to make our life comfortable. Some of them are doctors, policemen, teachers, postmen, lawyers, carpenters, etc.
06 / NOVEMBER / 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 13 The People Who Help Us.
Now watch this video for better understanding:
We cannot live alone in this world. We need the help of many people to fulfil our day-to-day needs, and to make our life comfortable. Some of them are doctors, policemen, teachers, postmen, lawyers, carpenters, etc.
The Doctor
When we fall ill, we go to a doctor. The doctor examines us and gives us medicines. He helps us to stay healthy. When we get hurt, the doctor applies medicines on the wound and covers it with a bandage. The doctor gives us injections and vaccinations to protect us from diseases like cholera, polio, typhoid and other diseases.
The doctor also tells us why we fall ill and what type of medicines or injections will cure us. He also tells us what we must eat when we are sick. In cities, there are big hospitals. They have many doctors and nurses to look after the patients.
Big villages and towns have dispensaries to look after the sick people. A group of villages have a Primary Health Centre.
In small villages, where there are no dispensaries, the health department arranges for mobile dispensaries.
The doctors and other medical staff go to such places in a van which has medicines, and other facilities for treating the sick.
The doctor helps us to remain healthy. We must follow the advice of the doctor and be always fit and fine.
There are doctors who treat sick animals. They are called Veterinary doctors.
The Policeman
The policeman protects our life and property. He looks after the law and order in his own area and arrests the thieves and criminals. He maintains peace in the area under his charge. The policeman also helps us in tracing the people, who are lost or dead under mysterious conditions.
Whenever there is any law and order problem, we can inform the policeman on duty and seek his help.
In big cities, the policemen control the traffic on the roads. It is also the duty of the traffic policeman to see that the traffic moves smoothly. He also sees that there are no traffic jams or accidents.
We must follow the traffic rules and co-operate with the policemen. The policemen always work for our safety and security.
The Teacher
We go to school to study. At school, the teachers look after us. They teach us many subjects.
They also teach us how to draw and paint, sing and dance, play games, and take part in many other activities. Our teachers teach us good habits and manners. They
teach us to be punctual. They work hard to make us good citizens.
The Postman
The postman is very helpful to us. He brings us letters, parcels and eMO/iMO from our friends and relatives.
The postman works in a post office. He also collects letters from letter boxes, and takes them to the post office.
After the letters are stamped and sorted out, they are sent to their destinations.
The postman does his work honestly and regularly even during rain, severe winter or extremely hot weather.
In villages, the postman has to go from one village to another to deliver the letters on a bicycle or on foot.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies- OCB.Do Ex A,C,D on page No. 95 and 96.
When we fall ill, we go to a doctor. The doctor examines us and gives us medicines. He helps us to stay healthy. When we get hurt, the doctor applies medicines on the wound and covers it with a bandage. The doctor gives us injections and vaccinations to protect us from diseases like cholera, polio, typhoid and other diseases.
Big villages and towns have dispensaries to look after the sick people. A group of villages have a Primary Health Centre.
The doctor helps us to remain healthy. We must follow the advice of the doctor and be always fit and fine.
There are doctors who treat sick animals. They are called Veterinary doctors.
The Policeman
The policeman protects our life and property. He looks after the law and order in his own area and arrests the thieves and criminals. He maintains peace in the area under his charge. The policeman also helps us in tracing the people, who are lost or dead under mysterious conditions.
We must follow the traffic rules and co-operate with the policemen. The policemen always work for our safety and security.
The Teacher
We go to school to study. At school, the teachers look after us. They teach us many subjects.
They also teach us how to draw and paint, sing and dance, play games, and take part in many other activities. Our teachers teach us good habits and manners. They
teach us to be punctual. They work hard to make us good citizens.
The postman is very helpful to us. He brings us letters, parcels and eMO/iMO from our friends and relatives.
The postman works in a post office. He also collects letters from letter boxes, and takes them to the post office.
After the letters are stamped and sorted out, they are sent to their destinations.
The postman does his work honestly and regularly even during rain, severe winter or extremely hot weather.
In villages, the postman has to go from one village to another to deliver the letters on a bicycle or on foot.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies- OCB.
Do Ex A,C,D on page No. 95 and 96.
03 / NOVEMBER / 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 6 THE FOOD WE EAT.(Revision)Now watch this video for better understanding:India is a very big country. The type of land and climate of our country differs from place to place. That is why, the vegetables, fruits and cereals which grow in our country also differ from place to place.
03 / NOVEMBER / 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 6 THE FOOD WE EAT.
(Revision)
Now watch this video for better understanding:
India is a very big country. The type of land and climate of our country differs from place to place. That is why, the vegetables, fruits and cereals which grow in our country also differ from place to place.
People living in different areas eat different kinds of food. Usually, they eat cereals, fruits and vegetables, which commonly grow in the area in which they live.
Wheat, rice, maize and millets are the main cereals produced in India.
People in North India eat mainly wheat. Chapatis, puris and paranthas are made from wheat. People here generally eat chapatis with dal, vegetables and curd.
Most people in South India eat rice. Rice is either boiled or fried. In South India, people make a number of dishes like idli and dosa from rice.
Some people eat only cereals, pulses, vegetables and fruits. They are called vegetarians.
Some people also eat meat, fish and eggs. They are called non-vegetarians. Many people who live near the sea eat fish.
We have different kinds of food and different ways of cooking them. The oil used in cooking our food also differs from place to place. In North India, people use mostly ghee and mustard oil. In the South , groundnut oil and coconut oil are used for cooking.
Spices are added to the food to make it colourful and tasty. Spices have made the Indian food popular all over the world. The dishes like idli, dosa and sambar from South India, and sweets of Bengal, like rasogulla, sandesh are famous everywhere.
All the fruits and vegetables are usually not available throughout the year. Some fruits and vegetables are available only in a particular season and are called seasonal, such as mangoes. They are available only in summer.
With the help of the rail and road transport, cereals, fruits and vegetables produced in one state are transported to other places and are made available in every part of the country. For example, apples are grown in hilly areas only, but we can get them all over the country.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies- OCBDo Ex I,J,K,L on Pg No. 91.
People living in different areas eat different kinds of food. Usually, they eat cereals, fruits and vegetables, which commonly grow in the area in which they live.
Wheat, rice, maize and millets are the main cereals produced in India.
Most people in South India eat rice. Rice is either boiled or fried. In South India, people make a number of dishes like idli and dosa from rice.
Some people eat only cereals, pulses, vegetables and fruits. They are called vegetarians.
Some people also eat meat, fish and eggs. They are called non-vegetarians. Many people who live near the sea eat fish.
With the help of the rail and road transport, cereals, fruits and vegetables produced in one state are transported to other places and are made available in every part of the country. For example, apples are grown in hilly areas only, but we can get them all over the country.
Assignment: Complete the following in your Social Studies- OCB
Do Ex I,J,K,L on Pg No. 91.
27 / OCTOBER/ 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 12 OUR MEANS OF COMMUNICATION.Now watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:We often have friends and relatives living in far off places. It is not always possible to visit them. We love to send or receive messages from them. It is called communication. Various means of communication help us to send written or spoken messages to people living at distant places.LettersThe most common means of communication are letters. We send our letters through post. We can write letters on postcard, inland letter or in an envelope. We must write the complete address on every letter in a clear handwriting. The pin code of the city should also be written clearly in the space provided for the pin code.It generally takes one or two days for a letter to reach its destination. It takes longer to reach a far off place. Urgent letters can also be sent through speedpost or by courier service.
27 / OCTOBER/ 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 12 OUR MEANS OF COMMUNICATION.
Now watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:
We often have friends and relatives living in far off places. It is not always possible to visit them. We love to send or receive messages from them. It is called communication. Various means of communication help us to send written or spoken messages to people living at distant places.
Letters
The most common means of communication are letters. We send our letters through post. We can write letters on postcard, inland letter or in an envelope. We must write the complete address on every letter in a clear handwriting. The pin code of the city should also be written clearly in the space provided for the pin code.
It generally takes one or two days for a letter to reach its destination. It takes longer to reach a far off place. Urgent letters can also be sent through speedpost or by courier service.
TelephoneWe can talk to our friends and relatives within the city and in other cities or countries over a telephone. The telephone is the fastest means of communicating with someone. It is a two-way communication.
The telephone system links most of the towns and the villages in our country. Direct calls can be made on S.T.D. and I.S.D. to many cities and countries all over the world.
The STD stands for the Subscriber Trunk Dialling and ISD stands for International Subscriber Dialling.
Now a days, there are small phones which we can carry with us, wherever we go. These phones are called the mobile or the cellular phones. We can even send short written messages (SMS) or pictures on these phones.
Mass Media
In case, a message or news is to be communicated to a large number of people at the same time, we can take the help of a newspaper, radio or the television.
Newspapers carry messages throughout the country or in other parts of the world within twenty-four hours. Therefore, these are also called as means of mass communication.
They also carry news from different parts of the world. Television and radio are also means of mass communication.
Radio and television (T.V.) help to broadcast messages and information. They can reach a large number of people immediately. We can also listen to or watch news bulletins, entertainment programmes, films, cricket matches and educational programmes on the radio and television. Television is a very popular means of communication. Even those, who cannot read or write, can listen to the radio or watch the television. The television is considered the best means of communication and entertainment these days.
Satellite
In the recent times, satellites have made communication easier and quicker. While sitting in our homes, we can watch a cricket match being played in any part of the world.
Fax, E-mail and Internet
Fax, E-mail and Internet are other modern means of communication which have revolutionised the world of communication altogether.
By using a fax machine, a letter can reach any part of the world in just a few minutes. With the help of an internet, we can get information as and when we want, on the computer. E-mails can be sent and received from one computer to another anywhere in the world in just a few seconds.Assignment: Do the following in your social studies- OCB
Read chapter 12 carefully and do Ex A,C,D on page No.89 and 90.
Telephone
We can talk to our friends and relatives within the city and in other cities or countries over a telephone. The telephone is the fastest means of communicating with someone. It is a two-way communication.
The telephone system links most of the towns and the villages in our country. Direct calls can be made on S.T.D. and I.S.D. to many cities and countries all over the world.
The STD stands for the Subscriber Trunk Dialling and ISD stands for International Subscriber Dialling.
In case, a message or news is to be communicated to a large number of people at the same time, we can take the help of a newspaper, radio or the television.
Newspapers carry messages throughout the country or in other parts of the world within twenty-four hours. Therefore, these are also called as means of mass communication.
They also carry news from different parts of the world. Television and radio are also means of mass communication.
Radio and television (T.V.) help to broadcast messages and information. They can reach a large number of people immediately. We can also listen to or watch news bulletins, entertainment programmes, films, cricket matches and educational programmes on the radio and television. Television is a very popular means of communication. Even those, who cannot read or write, can listen to the radio or watch the television. The television is considered the best means of communication and entertainment these days.
Satellite
In the recent times, satellites have made communication easier and quicker. While sitting in our homes, we can watch a cricket match being played in any part of the world.
Fax, E-mail and Internet
Fax, E-mail and Internet are other modern means of communication which have revolutionised the world of communication altogether.
By using a fax machine, a letter can reach any part of the world in just a few minutes. With the help of an internet, we can get information as and when we want, on the computer. E-mails can be sent and received from one computer to another anywhere in the world in just a few seconds.
Satellite
In the recent times, satellites have made communication easier and quicker. While sitting in our homes, we can watch a cricket match being played in any part of the world.
Fax, E-mail and Internet are other modern means of communication which have revolutionised the world of communication altogether.
Assignment: Do the following in your social studies- OCB
Read chapter 12 carefully and do Ex A,C,D on page No.89 and 90.
20 / OCTOBER/ 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 4 INDIA- THE LAND SURFACE(Revision)Now watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:Our country, India, is the seventh largest country in the world. If we travel through India, we shall find that India has a variety of land surface.
LAND SURFACEMountainsSome parts of our country have high mountains. A mountain is a very high land mass with sloping sides and peaks.
20 / OCTOBER/ 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 4 INDIA- THE LAND SURFACE
(Revision)
Now watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:
Our country, India, is the seventh largest country in the world. If we travel through India, we shall find that India has a variety of land surface.
LAND SURFACE
Mountains
Some parts of our country have high mountains. A mountain is a very high land mass with sloping sides and peaks.
In this map, we can see high mountains in the north. These mountains are called the Himalayas. Some of the peaks of these mountains remain covered with snow all the year round. Mount Everest, the highest peak in INDIA PHYSICAL Northern Fertile Plain, Coastal Plains, Great Indian Desert Himalayan Region in the world, is also in the Himalayas.
The central and the southern parts of India also have some mountains. These mountains are lower in height, and are called the hills, such as the Aravalli Hills in central India and the Nilgiri Hills in the south. The mountain regions are cold throughout the year.
Plains
Many parts of our country are plains. They lie to the south of the Himalayas, and also along the sea coasts.
The northern plains are very hot in summer and very cold in winter. However, the plains along the sea coast are neither very hot, nor too cold.
Many rivers flow through these plains, and make them very fertile. Some of the important rivers of these plains are: the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Brahmaputra, the Krishna, the Kaveri, the Mahanadi and the Godavari.
Peninsula
The southern part of our country looks like a cone in shape. It is surrounded by seas and ocean on three sides. This type of land is called a peninsula.
Plateaus
In the southern part of India, some of the land is higher than the surrounding land, but has a flat surface. Such a land is called a plateau. The plateau region in southern India is called the Deccan Plateau.
The land in the Deccan Plateau is rocky, hard and uneven.
Desert
Some parts of our country are covered with sand. A sandy land is called a desert. This type of land is found in the northwestern part of the country, and is known as the Thar desert. Most of it is in the state of Rajasthan.
This area is hot and dry.
There is very little rainfall. There are no permanent rivers. Very few plants grow here. Cactus is the only plant found in abundance here. The camel is an important
means of transport in the desert.
WATER BODIES
The southern part of India, which looks like a cone, has water bodies on three sides. The Arabian Sea lies on the west. The Bay of Bengal is along the eastern coast. The Indian Ocean is to the south of this cone.
ISLANDS
An island is a piece of land surrounded by water on all the sides.
On the western and eastern sides of south India, there are two groups of islands. One group of islands, which is in the Arabian Sea, is called the Lakshadweep Islands. The other group of islands, which is in the Bay of Bengal, is called the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
CLIMATE
We have read that land surface is not the same throughout India. In the same way climate is also different.
- The mountains have cold climate throughout the year.
- In North India, the summers are very hot and dry and winters are cold.
- In the coastal plains it is neither very hot nor very cold.
Assignment: Do the following in your social studies- OCB.Do Exs E,G,H on page No.84 and 85.
Plains
Many parts of our country are plains. They lie to the south of the Himalayas, and also along the sea coasts.
The northern plains are very hot in summer and very cold in winter. However, the plains along the sea coast are neither very hot, nor too cold.
Many rivers flow through these plains, and make them very fertile. Some of the important rivers of these plains are: the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Brahmaputra, the Krishna, the Kaveri, the Mahanadi and the Godavari.
Many parts of our country are plains. They lie to the south of the Himalayas, and also along the sea coasts.
The northern plains are very hot in summer and very cold in winter. However, the plains along the sea coast are neither very hot, nor too cold.
Many rivers flow through these plains, and make them very fertile. Some of the important rivers of these plains are: the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Brahmaputra, the Krishna, the Kaveri, the Mahanadi and the Godavari.
Peninsula
The southern part of our country looks like a cone in shape. It is surrounded by seas and ocean on three sides. This type of land is called a peninsula.
Plateaus
In the southern part of India, some of the land is higher than the surrounding land, but has a flat surface. Such a land is called a plateau. The plateau region in southern India is called the Deccan Plateau.
The land in the Deccan Plateau is rocky, hard and uneven.
Desert
Some parts of our country are covered with sand. A sandy land is called a desert. This type of land is found in the northwestern part of the country, and is known as the Thar desert. Most of it is in the state of Rajasthan.
The southern part of our country looks like a cone in shape. It is surrounded by seas and ocean on three sides. This type of land is called a peninsula.
Plateaus
In the southern part of India, some of the land is higher than the surrounding land, but has a flat surface. Such a land is called a plateau. The plateau region in southern India is called the Deccan Plateau.
The land in the Deccan Plateau is rocky, hard and uneven.
Desert
Some parts of our country are covered with sand. A sandy land is called a desert. This type of land is found in the northwestern part of the country, and is known as the Thar desert. Most of it is in the state of Rajasthan.
This area is hot and dry.
There is very little rainfall. There are no permanent rivers. Very few plants grow here. Cactus is the only plant found in abundance here. The camel is an important
means of transport in the desert.
WATER BODIES
The southern part of India, which looks like a cone, has water bodies on three sides. The Arabian Sea lies on the west. The Bay of Bengal is along the eastern coast. The Indian Ocean is to the south of this cone.
ISLANDS
An island is a piece of land surrounded by water on all the sides.
On the western and eastern sides of south India, there are two groups of islands. One group of islands, which is in the Arabian Sea, is called the Lakshadweep Islands. The other group of islands, which is in the Bay of Bengal, is called the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
CLIMATE
We have read that land surface is not the same throughout India. In the same way climate is also different.
- The mountains have cold climate throughout the year.
- In North India, the summers are very hot and dry and winters are cold.
- In the coastal plains it is neither very hot nor very cold.
means of transport in the desert.
The southern part of India, which looks like a cone, has water bodies on three sides. The Arabian Sea lies on the west. The Bay of Bengal is along the eastern coast. The Indian Ocean is to the south of this cone.
ISLANDS
An island is a piece of land surrounded by water on all the sides.
CLIMATE
We have read that land surface is not the same throughout India. In the same way climate is also different.
- In North India, the summers are very hot and dry and winters are cold.
- In the coastal plains it is neither very hot nor very cold.
16 / OCTOBER/ 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 11 OUR TRANSPORTNow watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:Various types of vehicles like cars, buses, scooters, cycles, rickshaws, trains, aeroplanes, etc. help us to travel from one place to another. They also help us to carry the goods from one place to another. These are called the means of transport.People who live in big cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, etc. have to travel long distances from one part of the city to another. For visiting a place in our own city, we use cycles, rickshaws, scooters, auto-rickshaws, etc.
16 / OCTOBER/ 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 11 OUR TRANSPORT
Now watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:
Various types of vehicles like cars, buses, scooters, cycles, rickshaws, trains, aeroplanes, etc. help us to travel from one place to another. They also help us to carry the goods from one place to another. These are called the means of transport.
People who live in big cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, etc. have to travel long distances from one part of the city to another. For visiting a place in our own city, we use cycles, rickshaws, scooters, auto-rickshaws, etc.
Sometimes, we visit our friends and relatives in another city. We choose the type of transport mostly according to our need and the distance we have to travel. It may be one of the following means of transport:
The railway is the most important and popular means of transport. There are many long distance fast trains, such as the Shatabdi Express, the Rajdhani Express, the Pink City Express, the Taj Express, etc.
Some of our friends and relatives may be living in other countries. We can go there by aeroplanes. Travelling by air is more costly, but it is faster and more comfortable. Aeroplanes also carry fresh fruits, vegetables and other perishable items. Letters and parcels are also sent by aeroplanes to all corners of the world.
Our country has a good network of airways and airports. Helicopters are also used for military purposes, search and rescue operations during natural disasters like flood and drought.We also need some means of transport to carry goods from one place to another. Food articles have to be carried from farms to go-downs and markets. Industrial products are to be carried from the factories to the markets. For transporting these things, we use carts, trucks, goods trains, ships, etc. All the means of transport cannot be used everywhere. In villages, bullock carts and cycles are important means of transport. In cities, we use cycles, scooters, motorcycles, cars, buses, three-wheelers, etc.
In Kolkata and Delhi, we have an underground railway called the Metro.Metro trains are the most important means of transport. At some places, it is above the ground, and at other places, it is underground.
These means of transport, that move on the land only, are called land transport.
Ships, boats and steamers sail on water and are called water transport. Aeroplanes and helicopters are the means of air transport.In deserts, people use camels for transportation .In hilly areas, ponies and mules are used. In places, having thick forests, people use elephants to go from one place to another. Ropeways or trolleys are used in mountains. In areas covered with snow people use sledges.Transportation facilities have brought different countries of the world closer.
Assignment: Read Chapter 11 carefully and complete the following in your Social Studies- OCB
Do Ex A,B,D on page No. 83 and 84.A. Tick the right answer:1. Aeroplanes are a means ofa) Land transport b) Air transport c) Water transport.2. The vehicle that moves on track is calleda) bus b) truck c) train3. Ropeways are used ona) mountains b) plains c) desert.4. In deserts _____ are used as a means of transport.a) Camels b) horses c) donkeys
B. Complete the Sentences:1. My father goes to office by ________2. My mother goes to work by ________.3. I go to school by _______.4. For going to other cities ,we use _____.
D. Make a list of the means of transport used for carrying goods.
Sometimes, we visit our friends and relatives in another city. We choose the type of transport mostly according to our need and the distance we have to travel. It may be one of the following means of transport:
The railway is the most important and popular means of transport. There are many long distance fast trains, such as the Shatabdi Express, the Rajdhani Express, the Pink City Express, the Taj Express, etc.
Some of our friends and relatives may be living in other countries. We can go there by aeroplanes. Travelling by air is more costly, but it is faster and more comfortable. Aeroplanes also carry fresh fruits, vegetables and other perishable items. Letters and parcels are also sent by aeroplanes to all corners of the world.
Our country has a good network of airways and airports. Helicopters are also used for military purposes, search and rescue operations during natural disasters like flood and drought.
We also need some means of transport to carry goods from one place to another. Food articles have to be carried from farms to go-downs and markets. Industrial products are to be carried from the factories to the markets. For transporting these things, we use carts, trucks, goods trains, ships, etc. All the means of transport cannot be used everywhere. In villages, bullock carts and cycles are important means of transport. In cities, we use cycles, scooters, motorcycles, cars, buses, three-wheelers, etc.
In Kolkata and Delhi, we have an underground railway called the Metro.
Metro trains are the most important means of transport. At some places, it is above the ground, and at other places, it is underground.
These means of transport, that move on the land only, are called land transport.
Ships, boats and steamers sail on water and are called water transport. Aeroplanes and helicopters are the means of air transport.
In deserts, people use camels for transportation .
In hilly areas, ponies and mules are used. In places, having thick forests, people use elephants to go from one place to another. Ropeways or trolleys are used in mountains. In areas covered with snow people use sledges.
Transportation facilities have brought different countries of the world closer.
Assignment: Read Chapter 11 carefully and complete the following in your Social Studies- OCB
Do Ex A,B,D on page No. 83 and 84.
A. Tick the right answer:
1. Aeroplanes are a means of
a) Land transport b) Air transport c) Water transport.
2. The vehicle that moves on track is called
a) bus b) truck c) train
3. Ropeways are used on
a) mountains b) plains c) desert.
4. In deserts _____ are used as a means of transport.
a) Camels b) horses c) donkeys
B. Complete the Sentences:
1. My father goes to office by ________
2. My mother goes to work by ________.
3. I go to school by _______.
4. For going to other cities ,we use _____.
D. Make a list of the means of transport used for carrying goods.
13 / OCTOBER/ 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 3 OUR ENVIRONMENTREVISIONNow watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:The natural environment consists of all living and nonliving things that occur on the Earth. An environment is all that surrounds a thing. We see a number of objects in our environment – the sun, the moon, and stars in the sky, birds, animals, ships, houses, air, water and all.
We use different objects in our daily life. These objects are made of different materials. What do you do with the things you do not need? You throw them in the dustbin. These unwanted things are called Litter. Litter is trash put in the wrong place.
DANGERS OF LITTERLitter, that is, trash or garbage can :– spread diseases because flies and mosquitoes sit on it.– contaminate the soil and water.– cause injury from broken glass.
Litter is dangerous and bad for the environment. The air, land and water get polluted. Some of the litter (waste) rots like vegetable peels and decays. Some others do not decay and contaminate the Earth. This causes pollution of the land, air and water. To pollute means to make it dirty and harmful.
Let us learn and understand how our environment gets polluted. We, human beings, are the main source of pollution. Pollution is of different types:1. Air Pollution2. Land Pollution3. Water Pollution4. Noise Pollution
Air PollutionThe air gets polluted due to the various activities by us. Air in a city gets polluted mainly due to smoke from vehicles. The other causes are :– smoke from factories.– burning of fire crackers.
Polluted air causes breathing problems (asthama).It also affects plants and animals.
Prevent Air from Getting Polluted. You can also contribute to prevent air pollution in the following ways :- Plant trees around your house and in your school.- Take care of each plant. Trees make the air pure.- Do not burn crackers. Say no to crackers.- Write on both sides of the paper.- Donate your old books to the poor and needy.In this way, you can help stop the cutting of trees because paper is made from the pulp of trees.
Land PollutionDo you know where does all the rubbish you throw, go? It is on the land where you live! The land gets polluted due to our own actions, such as :
Water PollutionWater gets polluted due to various human activities. Some of them are :
Harmful Effects of Water PollutionPollution of water can cause diseases like cholera, jaundice.
Noise PollutionNoise pollution is another serious problem. Unpleasant sound is called noise. Have you heard the loud blowing of horns by vehicles, the loudspeakers during weddings and festivals? All this causes noise pollution. Some of the causes of noise pollution are :
Harmful Effects of Noise PollutionNoise pollution can harm our ears. It can cause deafness. It also affects old people with heart problems.
13 / OCTOBER/ 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 3 OUR ENVIRONMENT
REVISION
Now watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:
The natural environment consists of all living and nonliving things that occur on the Earth. An environment is all that surrounds a thing. We see a number of objects in our environment – the sun, the moon, and stars in the sky, birds, animals, ships, houses, air, water and all.
DANGERS OF LITTER
Litter, that is, trash or garbage can :
– spread diseases because flies and mosquitoes sit on it.
– contaminate the soil and water.
– cause injury from broken glass.
Litter is dangerous and bad for the environment. The air, land and water get polluted. Some of the litter (waste) rots like vegetable peels and decays. Some others do not decay and contaminate the Earth. This causes pollution of the land, air and water. To pollute means to make it dirty and harmful.
Let us learn and understand how our environment gets polluted. We, human beings, are the main source of pollution. Pollution is of different types:
1. Air Pollution
2. Land Pollution
3. Water Pollution
4. Noise Pollution
Air Pollution
The air gets polluted due to the various activities by us. Air in a city gets polluted mainly due to smoke from vehicles. The other causes are :
– smoke from factories.
– burning of fire crackers.
Polluted air causes breathing problems (asthama).
It also affects plants and animals.
Prevent Air from Getting Polluted. You can also contribute to prevent air pollution in the following ways :
- Plant trees around your house and in your school.
- Take care of each plant. Trees make the air pure.
- Do not burn crackers. Say no to crackers.
- Write on both sides of the paper.
- Donate your old books to the poor and needy.
In this way, you can help stop the cutting of trees because paper is made from the pulp of trees.
Land Pollution
Do you know where does all the rubbish you throw, go? It is on the land where you live! The land gets polluted due to our own actions, such as :
Water Pollution
Water gets polluted due to various human activities. Some of them are :
Harmful Effects of Water Pollution
Pollution of water can cause diseases like cholera, jaundice.
Noise Pollution
Noise pollution is another serious problem. Unpleasant sound is called noise. Have you heard the loud blowing of horns by vehicles, the loudspeakers during weddings and festivals? All this causes noise pollution. Some of the causes of noise pollution are :
Harmful Effects of Noise Pollution
Noise pollution can harm our ears. It can cause deafness. It also affects old people with heart problems.
Save Your Environment – Save the Earth
We all can save our environment and lead a healthy life. We can contribute in the following ways by reducing and preventing pollution.
Save Energy :
- Turn off lights when you’re not using a room.
- Turn off the TV when not being played.
- Turn off your computer when you are not using it.
- Teach your family to turn off appliances and lights that are not in use.
- Turn off taps when you are brushing your teeth.
Assignment: Read Chapter 9 carefully and complete the following in your Social Studies- OCB.Do Ex- D, E, F on page No. 72,73.F. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False:1. We need money to buy food, clothes, houses and things for daily use.2. The work that we do to earn money is called an occupation.3. Most of the people in India live in towns. 4. Our country has a very short coastline.5. People collect latex from rubber trees to make rubber.
Save Your Environment – Save the Earth
We all can save our environment and lead a healthy life. We can contribute in the following ways by reducing and preventing pollution.
We all can save our environment and lead a healthy life. We can contribute in the following ways by reducing and preventing pollution.
- Turn off lights when you’re not using a room.
- Turn off the TV when not being played.
- Turn off your computer when you are not using it.
- Teach your family to turn off appliances and lights that are not in use.
- Turn off taps when you are brushing your teeth.
Assignment: Read Chapter 9 carefully and complete the following in your Social Studies- OCB.
09 / OCTOBER/ 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 9 OUR OCCUPATIONNow watch this video to help you understand the lesson better: We need money to buy various things such as food, clothes, house and things of daily use. All of us do some kind of work to earn money. The work that we do to earn money is called an occupation.Different people take up different occupations according to their interests and needs. Some people work in offices. Some work as doctors, engineers, nurses, teachers and lawyers. Some people have their own business.
09 / OCTOBER/ 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 9 OUR OCCUPATION
Now watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:
We need money to buy various things such as food, clothes, house and things of daily use. All of us do some kind of work to earn money. The work that we do to earn money is called an occupation.
Different people take up different occupations according to their interests and needs. Some people work in offices. Some work as doctors, engineers, nurses, teachers and lawyers. Some people have their own business.
Some people work as farmers, carpenters, tailors, labourers, potters, cobblers, iron-smiths, etc.
Farming
Most of the people in India live in villages. Farming is one of the main occupations of the people in our country. Farmers in India grow many kinds of cereals, vegetables, fruits, tea, jute and other crops. Farming is done at places with fertile soil and water resources like wells, tanks, canals and rivers.Cattle rearing is another important occupation. People keep animals like cows, buffaloes and goats which provide us with milk. Oxen are used for ploughing the fields. In hilly areas, people rear sheep to get wool from them. Some people have poultry farms from where we get eggs and chicken to eat.
OTHER OCCUPATIONS
Many people work in industries which depend on the products of farming. People working in textile mills produce cloth from cotton. People working in jute mills make bags and ropes used for packing cement, sugar, food-grains, etc. In sugar mills, sugar cane is crushed to make sugar. People working in oil mills produce oil from mustard seeds, groundnut or sunflower, etc.
In tea gardens, people pick up tea leaves and send them for processing and manufacturing tea.
Some areas of our country, which are on hilltops, have thick forests. The trees are cut and the wood from the trees is used for producing many items such as doors and windows of the houses, furniture, packing boxes, etc. Paper, matchboxes and matchsticks are also made from wood. Some people collect the latex from the rubber trees to make rubber. Others collect gum and herbs from the forests and sell them in the market.
Fishing
Our country has a very long coastline. In coastal areas, people catch fish from the sea. So, fishing is the main occupation of the people living near the sea coast. They have big boats and nets for this purpose. People in these areas are very fond of eating fish. Many people also work in factories where fish is processed and packed in tins. Packed fish is then sent to other parts of India and abroad, where fish is not available naturally.
Mining
Our country has many mines of minerals like coal, iron, mica, limestone, etc. Many people work in these mines and dig out minerals and metals from the Earth.
OTHER OCCUPATIONS
Many people work in the industries which make small and huge articles from these metals. Industries that utilize these metals manufacture bicycles, tractors, aeroplanes, railway engines, sewing machines, tools, etc.
Assignment: Read Chapter 9 carefully and complete the following in your Social Studies- OCB.Do Ex No. A, B on page No- 71 and 72.A. Tick the right answer:1. The main occupation of people living in villages isa) mining b) farming c) teaching2._______ are used for ploughing the fieldsa) Oxen b) Horses c) Camels3. The oil is produced froma) pulses b) wheat c) mustard seeds4. We get sugar froma) rubber b) jute c) sugarcane5. Trees are cut down to makea) paper b) sugar c) cotton.
B. Complete the sentences:1. The occupation of my father is _________.2. The occupation of my mother is ______.3. When I grow up, I would like to be a ______.4. Two main occupations of the city people in my state are:a) _______ b) ________.5. Two main occupations of the village people in my state are:a) _________ b) _________.
25 / SEPTEMBER / 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 2 THE EARTH- HOW IT LOOKSREVISIONNow watch this video to help you understand the lesson better: The earth is very big. We cannot see the whole of the earth at one time. So, we have made a model of the earth. A model of the earth is called a globe.
Since, the earth is round, the globe is also round like a ball. We can see one half of the globe at a time. To see the other half, we have to rotate it. The earth is slightly flat at the top and the bottom.The topmost point of the earth is called the north pole. The bottom most point of the earth is called the south pole.
Some people work as farmers, carpenters, tailors, labourers, potters, cobblers, iron-smiths, etc.
Farming
Most of the people in India live in villages. Farming is one of the main occupations of the people in our country. Farmers in India grow many kinds of cereals, vegetables, fruits, tea, jute and other crops. Farming is done at places with fertile soil and water resources like wells, tanks, canals and rivers.Fishing
Our country has a very long coastline. In coastal areas, people catch fish from the sea. So, fishing is the main occupation of the people living near the sea coast. They have big boats and nets for this purpose. People in these areas are very fond of eating fish. Many people also work in factories where fish is processed and packed in tins. Packed fish is then sent to other parts of India and abroad, where fish is not available naturally.
Mining
OTHER OCCUPATIONS
Many people work in the industries which make small and huge articles from these metals. Industries that utilize these metals manufacture bicycles, tractors, aeroplanes, railway engines, sewing machines, tools, etc.
Assignment: Read Chapter 9 carefully and complete the following in your Social Studies- OCB.Most of the people in India live in villages. Farming is one of the main occupations of the people in our country. Farmers in India grow many kinds of cereals, vegetables, fruits, tea, jute and other crops. Farming is done at places with fertile soil and water resources like wells, tanks, canals and rivers.
Cattle rearing is another important occupation. People keep animals like cows, buffaloes and goats which provide us with milk. Oxen are used for ploughing the fields. In hilly areas, people rear sheep to get wool from them. Some people have poultry farms from where we get eggs and chicken to eat.
OTHER OCCUPATIONS
Many people work in industries which depend on the products of farming. People working in textile mills produce cloth from cotton. People working in jute mills make bags and ropes used for packing cement, sugar, food-grains, etc. In sugar mills, sugar cane is crushed to make sugar. People working in oil mills produce oil from mustard seeds, groundnut or sunflower, etc.
OTHER OCCUPATIONS
Many people work in industries which depend on the products of farming. People working in textile mills produce cloth from cotton. People working in jute mills make bags and ropes used for packing cement, sugar, food-grains, etc. In sugar mills, sugar cane is crushed to make sugar. People working in oil mills produce oil from mustard seeds, groundnut or sunflower, etc.
In tea gardens, people pick up tea leaves and send them for processing and manufacturing tea.
Some areas of our country, which are on hilltops, have thick forests. The trees are cut and the wood from the trees is used for producing many items such as doors and windows of the houses, furniture, packing boxes, etc. Paper, matchboxes and matchsticks are also made from wood. Some people collect the latex from the rubber trees to make rubber. Others collect gum and herbs from the forests and sell them in the market.
Our country has a very long coastline. In coastal areas, people catch fish from the sea. So, fishing is the main occupation of the people living near the sea coast. They have big boats and nets for this purpose. People in these areas are very fond of eating fish. Many people also work in factories where fish is processed and packed in tins. Packed fish is then sent to other parts of India and abroad, where fish is not available naturally.
Our country has many mines of minerals like coal, iron, mica, limestone, etc. Many people work in these mines and dig out minerals and metals from the Earth.
Many people work in the industries which make small and huge articles from these metals. Industries that utilize these metals manufacture bicycles, tractors, aeroplanes, railway engines, sewing machines, tools, etc.
Do Ex No. A, B on page No- 71 and 72.
A. Tick the right answer:
1. The main occupation of people living in villages is
a) mining b) farming c) teaching
2._______ are used for ploughing the fields
a) Oxen b) Horses c) Camels
3. The oil is produced from
a) pulses b) wheat c) mustard seeds
4. We get sugar from
a) rubber b) jute c) sugarcane
5. Trees are cut down to make
a) paper b) sugar c) cotton.
B. Complete the sentences:
1. The occupation of my father is _________.
2. The occupation of my mother is ______.
3. When I grow up, I would like to be a ______.
4. Two main occupations of the city people in my state are:
a) _______ b) ________.
5. Two main occupations of the village people in my state are:
a) _________ b) _________.
25 / SEPTEMBER / 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 2 THE EARTH- HOW IT LOOKS
REVISION
Now watch this video to help you understand the lesson better:
The earth is very big. We cannot see the whole of the earth at one time. So, we have made a model of the earth. A model of the earth is called a globe.
Since, the earth is round, the globe is also round like a ball. We can see one half of the globe at a time. To see the other half, we have to rotate it. The earth is slightly flat at the top and the bottom.
The topmost point of the earth is called the north pole. The bottom most point of the earth is called the south pole.
Different colours on the globe show water bodies. The blue parts show water bodies. Different colours are used to show different countries and continents.
OCEANS: Large bodies of water on the earth are called oceans. The four main oceans on the earth are:1) The Pacific Ocean2) The Atlantic Ocean3) The Indian Ocean4) The Arctic Ocean
The Indian Ocean is named after India our country. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on the earth. The smaller bodies of water are called seas, bays and gulfs.Now watch this video to help you understand better: MAPS: Since the globe is small in size, we cannot show all the places of the earth on a globe. It is also difficult to carry a globe everywhere. We can solve this problem by using a map.A map is a drawing of the earth on a flat surface. A map which shows the whole earth is called a world map. A map of a smaller area can also be drawn.A map may be small in size, such as a map in a book. A map may be big in size which can be put up on a wall. Such maps are called wall maps. A book of maps is called an atlas.Maps are easy to carry. We can fold or roll a map. It can be drawn for a continent, a country, Scott or a town.
Look at the map of the largest continent Asia. Every map shows four main directions.North, South, East, WestThese directions help us to locate the various places on the map.
Now watch this video to help you understand better:When we hang a map on the wall and stand facing it ,we find that the north is always at the top of the map.The south is at the bottom of the map. The right hand side is the east and the left hand side is the west. In all the maps, the directions are always shown in the same manner.
Did you know that sailors use a compass to find their way while sailing?A compass is an instrument which helps to know the directions. There are four directions- East, West, North and South. The compass is like a watch and has a needle which always points to the north direction.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies- OCBDo Ex A,C and D on pages- 141 and 142.A. Tick the right option:1. The early man lived ina) Caves b) huts c) bungalows2. The early man used _____ to kill animals.a) iron. b) copper c) stones3. The first weapon made by early man wasa) spear b) gun c) neither of these4. Early human beings covered his body witha) cotton clothes b) woollen clothes c)skin of dead animals.
C. Fill in the blanks:1. The early human beings lived in __________.2. The early men ate ______ and ______.3. The early men used tools made up of ________for hunting.4. They learnt to make _____ by rubbing two stones together.5. Fire protected the early human beings from ______ and ________.
D. Name five food items that can be eaten without cooking.
Different colours on the globe show water bodies. The blue parts show water bodies. Different colours are used to show different countries and continents.
OCEANS:
Large bodies of water on the earth are called oceans. The four main oceans on the earth are:
1) The Pacific Ocean
2) The Atlantic Ocean
3) The Indian Ocean
4) The Arctic Ocean
The Indian Ocean is named after India our country. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on the earth. The smaller bodies of water are called seas, bays and gulfs.
Now watch this video to help you understand better:
MAPS:
Since the globe is small in size, we cannot show all the places of the earth on a globe. It is also difficult to carry a globe everywhere. We can solve this problem by using a map.
A map is a drawing of the earth on a flat surface. A map which shows the whole earth is called a world map. A map of a smaller area can also be drawn.
A map may be small in size, such as a map in a book. A map may be big in size which can be put up on a wall. Such maps are called wall maps. A book of maps is called an atlas.
Maps are easy to carry. We can fold or roll a map. It can be drawn for a continent, a country, Scott or a town.
Look at the map of the largest continent Asia. Every map shows four main directions.
North, South, East, West
These directions help us to locate the various places on the map.
Now watch this video to help you understand better:
When we hang a map on the wall and stand facing it ,we find that the north is always at the top of the map.The south is at the bottom of the map. The right hand side is the east and the left hand side is the west. In all the maps, the directions are always shown in the same manner.
Did you know that sailors use a compass to find their way while sailing?
A compass is an instrument which helps to know the directions. There are four directions- East, West, North and South. The compass is like a watch and has a needle which always points to the north direction.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies- OCB
Do Ex A,C and D on pages- 141 and 142.
A. Tick the right option:
1. The early man lived in
a) Caves b) huts c) bungalows
2. The early man used _____ to kill animals.
a) iron. b) copper c) stones
3. The first weapon made by early man was
a) spear b) gun c) neither of these
4. Early human beings covered his body with
a) cotton clothes b) woollen clothes c)skin of dead animals.
C. Fill in the blanks:
1. The early human beings lived in __________.
2. The early men ate ______ and ______.
3. The early men used tools made up of ________for hunting.
4. They learnt to make _____ by rubbing two stones together.
5. Fire protected the early human beings from ______ and ________.
D. Name five food items that can be eaten without cooking.
22 / SEPTEMBER / 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter- 20 THE EARLY MAN-1THE DISCOVERY OF FIRENow watch this video to help you understand better:
22 / SEPTEMBER / 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter- 20 THE EARLY MAN-1
THE DISCOVERY OF FIRE
Now watch this video to help you understand better:
Assignment: Read carefully Chapter 20.
18 / SEPTEMBER / 2020 SOCIAL STUDIES Chapter 1 THE EARTH - OUR HOMESHAPE OF THE EARTH
REVISIONThe earth on which we live is our home. We make our houses on it. We play and work on it. We grow our food on it. We build houses and buildings on it. Like human beings, animals, birds and insects also live on the earth. Millions of plants and trees grow on it.
The surface of the earth is made up of land and water. About three- fourths of the earth's surface is water and one fourth is land. As there is more water on its surface, the earth looks blue from space. That is why it is called the blue planet. The earth is made up of land, water and air. Life is possible on the earth because of these things.
All human beings, animals and plants need air to live. The earth is surrounded by a layer of air. This layer of air is called the atmosphere. We cannot see air around us. We can only feel it.
The shape of the earth is round like a huge football. Hundreds of years ago, people didn't know that the earth is round like a ball. They thought that it was flat. So they were afraid of travelling to far off places. They thought that if they travelled too far, they would reach the end of the earth and fall down from it.
It was about 500 years ago that some brave sailors started on a long voyage. Ferdinand Magellan, a brave sailor from Spain took five ships and many sailors. He started sailing towards the west. Magellan kept on sailing in the same direction without taking a turn. It was a difficult journey. After sailing for three years he reached the same place from where he had started. This long journey proved that the earth is round and not flat.
Science has made a great progress. We know a lot about the earth. Two astronauts from America were the first to land on the moon. They were Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin.
Satellites have also taken pictures of the earth. These photographs clearly show that the earth is round like a ball.
If we look out from the top of a high building, the land and the sky seem to meet at a distant point. The place where they seem to meet is called the horizon. Actually the land and the sky never meet. If we move towards the horizon, it will seem to move farther away.
If we stand near a seashore, the water and the sky also seem to meet at a distant point. But actually, the water and the sky never meet.
THE COASTThe place where the land and the sea meet is called a coast.Earth Day is celebrated on the 22nd of April.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies- OCBDo E, F, G on page No. 63 and 64.
F. Write 'T' for True and'F'for False:1. We celebrate birthdays, weddings etc. with our family.2. Holi, Diwali, Eid, Christmas etc. are national festivals.3. India got its Independence on 15th August, 1948.4. Onam is the harvest festival of Kerala.
Assignment: Read carefully Chapter 20.
18 / SEPTEMBER / 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 1 THE EARTH - OUR HOME
SHAPE OF THE EARTH
REVISION
The earth on which we live is our home. We make our houses on it. We play and work on it. We grow our food on it. We build houses and buildings on it. Like human beings, animals, birds and insects also live on the earth. Millions of plants and trees grow on it.
All human beings, animals and plants need air to live. The earth is surrounded by a layer of air. This layer of air is called the atmosphere. We cannot see air around us. We can only feel it.The shape of the earth is round like a huge football. Hundreds of years ago, people didn't know that the earth is round like a ball. They thought that it was flat. So they were afraid of travelling to far off places. They thought that if they travelled too far, they would reach the end of the earth and fall down from it.
The surface of the earth is made up of land and water. About three- fourths of the earth's surface is water and one fourth is land. As there is more water on its surface, the earth looks blue from space. That is why it is called the blue planet. The earth is made up of land, water and air. Life is possible on the earth because of these things.
It was about 500 years ago that some brave sailors started on a long voyage. Ferdinand Magellan, a brave sailor from Spain took five ships and many sailors. He started sailing towards the west. Magellan kept on sailing in the same direction without taking a turn. It was a difficult journey. After sailing for three years he reached the same place from where he had started. This long journey proved that the earth is round and not flat.
Science has made a great progress. We know a lot about the earth. Two astronauts from America were the first to land on the moon. They were Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin.
From the moon, they took many photographs of the earth.
Satellites have also taken pictures of the earth. These photographs clearly show that the earth is round like a ball.
If we look out from the top of a high building, the land and the sky seem to meet at a distant point. The place where they seem to meet is called the horizon. Actually the land and the sky never meet. If we move towards the horizon, it will seem to move farther away.
If we stand near a seashore, the water and the sky also seem to meet at a distant point. But actually, the water and the sky never meet.
THE COAST
The place where the land and the sea meet is called a coast.
Earth Day is celebrated on the 22nd of April.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies- OCB
Do E, F, G on page No. 63 and 64.
F. Write 'T' for True and'F'for False:
1. We celebrate birthdays, weddings etc. with our family.
2. Holi, Diwali, Eid, Christmas etc. are national festivals.
3. India got its Independence on 15th August, 1948.
4. Onam is the harvest festival of Kerala.
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SOCIAL STUDIES
Chapter 8 OUR FESTIVALS
RAKSHA BANDHAN
On this day sisters tie Rakhis on their brothers wrists, and pray for their welfare. Brothers give gifts or money to their sisters and pledge to protect and take care of them.
Eid or Id is the most important Muslim festival. People go to mosques to offer Namaz. They embrace each other and wish 'Eid Mubarak'. People give alms to the poor. 'Sevian' a special sweet dish, is prepared on the day of Id- ul- fitr.
GURUPARAB
The birthdays of the Sikh gurus are celebrated as Gurupurabs. On these days people go to the Gurudwaras, and pray to their Gurus.
The Sikhs have ten Gurus including Guru Nanak Dev, who was the founder of the Sikh religion.
It is celebrated on the 25th December all over the world. It is the birthday of Lord Jesus Christ. People decorate Christmas trees in their homes with shining balls, bulbs and bells. They also put stars on the Christmas trees and on the front door of the house. They go to churches to pray, and exchange gifts on this occasion.
Harvest is an important activity in our country. It is the time when a crop that has been down earlier is ready for reaping. The festivals that mark the change of seasons are called Harvest festivals. These festivals are known by different names and celebrated in different ways across the country.
PONGAL
It is the festival of Tamil Nadu. On this day, cows are fed with Pongal Rice. The sun god is worshipped. It is celebrated for three days, and is one of our most important festivals of Tamil Nadu.
It is the festival of Tamil Nadu. On this day, cows are fed with Pongal Rice. The sun god is worshipped. It is celebrated for three days, and is one of our most important festivals of Tamil Nadu.
It is the harvest festival of Kerala. It is a colourful festival. Boat races are held on this day. Elephants are fully decorated and their processions are taken out on the streets.
It is the harvest festival of Assam. It is celebrated in the month of April. Buffalo fighting is one of the main attractions of the festival.
BAISAKHI
It is the harvest festival of Punjab and Haryana. It is celebrated on 13th if April every year. It is celebrated with great joy. People wear traditional clothes and perform their traditional dance, Bhangra and gidda.
It is the harvest festival of Punjab and Haryana. It is celebrated on 13th if April every year. It is celebrated with great joy. People wear traditional clothes and perform their traditional dance, Bhangra and gidda.
Festivals like Teej and Chhat are also celebrated with great joy.
We also celebrate the birthdays of many great men as festivals.
14th November, the birthday of our first prime minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is celebrated as children's day. Children remember him as Chacha Nehru .
5th September, the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the former president and a great educationist, is celebrated as Teacher's day.
We also celebrate the birthdays of many great men as festivals.
14th November, the birthday of our first prime minister, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is celebrated as children's day. Children remember him as Chacha Nehru .
5th September, the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the former president and a great educationist, is celebrated as Teacher's day.
Assignment: Do the following in your Social Studies- OCB
Do Ex A, B and C on page No. 62 and 63.
A. Tick the right answer:
1. Republic Day is celebrated on the
a) 26th January b) 15th August c) 18th October
2. Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated on the
a) 2nd October b) 2nd September c) 4th October
3. Ganesh Chaturthi is celebrated mainly in
a) Punjab b) Maharashtra c) Karnataka
4. Muslims go to mosques to offer
a) Namaz b) Ardas c) gifts.
5. Buddha Purnima is the birthday of
a) Gautam Buddha b) Lord Mahavira c) Lord Rama.
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. _______ is an important festival of Tamil Nadu.
2. ______ is an important festival of the Hindus.
3. People exchange gifts, and pray in churches on _______.
4. The birthdays of the Sikh gurus are celebrated as _________.
5. _________ is an important festival of Bengal.
C. Write the names of the festivals against the dates given below:
1. 26th January ______________.
2. 14th November _____________.
3. 15th August ___________________.
4. 5th September _______________.
5. 2nd October _______________.
6. 25th December ____________.
Do Ex A, B and C on page No. 62 and 63.
A. Tick the right answer:
1. Republic Day is celebrated on the
a) 26th January b) 15th August c) 18th October
2. Gandhi Jayanti is celebrated on the
a) 2nd October b) 2nd September c) 4th October
3. Ganesh Chaturthi is celebrated mainly in
a) Punjab b) Maharashtra c) Karnataka
4. Muslims go to mosques to offer
a) Namaz b) Ardas c) gifts.
5. Buddha Purnima is the birthday of
a) Gautam Buddha b) Lord Mahavira c) Lord Rama.
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. _______ is an important festival of Tamil Nadu.
2. ______ is an important festival of the Hindus.
3. People exchange gifts, and pray in churches on _______.
4. The birthdays of the Sikh gurus are celebrated as _________.
5. _________ is an important festival of Bengal.
C. Write the names of the festivals against the dates given below:
1. 26th January ______________.
2. 14th November _____________.
3. 15th August ___________________.
4. 5th September _______________.
5. 2nd October _______________.
6. 25th December ____________.
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SOCIAL STUDIES
CHAPTER- 8 OUR FESTIVALS
Religious Festivals
Now watch this video for better understanding.
Festivals which are connected with religious events and are celebrated mostly by the people of that particular religion are called Religious Festivals. People with many religions live in lndia. Thus many religious festivals are celebrated here.
Diwali
Diwali is celebrated to mark the return of Lord Rama, Sita and Lakshmana to Ayodhya after fourteen years of exile. It is also called the 'festival of lights'. Houses are cleaned and decorated with candles, diyas or small bulbs. Lord Ganesha and Goddess Lakshmi - the 'Goddess of Wealth' are worshiped on Diwali night. People exchange sweets and other gift items. Children play with crackers and sparklers. Some people celebrate it as New years day.
Holi
Holi is a 'festival of colours'. It is celebrated in the month of March when the crops of wheat and millets are ready for harvesting. It is also considered as a harvest festival.
On this day, people apply coloured powder or gulal on friends and relatives. They also sprinkle coloured water on each other with a pichkari . That is why it is called a festival of colours. People embrace each other and also distribute sweets.
Dussehra
This festival is celebrated in all parts of our country. It marks the victory of good over evil. It is also called vijayadashami. On this day Lord Rama had killed the ten headed demon king, Ravana.
Ramlila, depicting the life story of Lord Rama is enacted for nine days. On the tenth day, the effigies of Ravana, Meghnad and kumbhkarna are burnt along with the bursting of crackers .
In some states like Bengal, Dussehra is celebrated as Durga puja. The images of Durga are worshiped, and on the tenth day, they are immersed in the river. In Gujarat it is celebrated as Navratri. Men and women perform the Garba dance, every evening for nine days.
Ganesh Chaturthi
This festival is celebrated mainly in Maharashtra to mark the birthday of Lord Ganesha or Ganpati the elephant headed God of wisdom. Huge idols of Ganpati are installed in pandals and homes.
Janmastami is celebrated to mark the birthday of Lord Krishna.
On MahavirJayanti the Jains celebrate the birthday of Lord Mahavira. The birth of Lord Buddha is celebrated on Buddha Purnima.
Basant panchami
Basant panchami is celebrated in the beginning of the spring season. People wear yellow clothes and sing and dance with joy. In Bengal, it is celebrated by worshiping Saraswati the Goddess of learning. In Punjab people fly colourful kites and cook yellow coloured rice or sweet dishes.
Assignment: Read page No. 56 and 57 of Chapter 8.
08 / SEPTEMBER / 2020
SOCIAL STUDIES
CHAPTER- 8 OUR FESTIVALS
In this lesson you will learn about :
National, Religious and Harvest festivals.
Birthdays of great people.
Now watch this video for better understanding:
We celebrate many occasions such as birthdays, weddings, wedding anniversaries, etc. with our family. On these occasions we invite our friends and relatives. We give and receive gifts.
National Festivals
Festivals which are celebrated through out the country by the entire nation are called National Festivals. National Festivals remind us of some special events in the history of our country. We have three main national festivals.
1) lndependence Day
2) Republic Day
3) Gandhi Jayanti
Independence Day
India got its independence from the British rule on 15th August 1947. We celebrate this day as our national festival. On this day, the prime minister of lndia hoists the National flag at the Red Fort in Delhi. On this day, we remember those who had sacrificed their lives for the freedom of their country.
Republic Day is celebrated on 26th January, every year. On this day, a special parade is held at Vijay Chowk in New Delhi. School children also take part in this parade. There is a display of tanks, aeroplanes, and march- past of the armed forces.
The president of lndia takes the salute of the Republic Day parade. Important government buildings are also lighted up in the evening.
Gandhi Jayanti
On this day we celebrate the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi - the Father of the Nation. It is celebrated on 2nd October every year. On this day a special function is held at Raj ghat, the samadhi of Mahatma Gandhi, in New Delhi. People pay their homage to the great leader, who spent his entire life fighting for the independence of the country.
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